8: Pet Foods

Question 1

what association determines species guidelines

Answer 1

national research council (NRC)

Question 2

what association determines what ingredients are okay

Answer 2

Food and Drug administration (FDA)

Question 3

what association defines ingredients, sets up feeding trials, and sets labeling laws

Answer 3

Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO)

Question 4

according to AFFCO, one label statement states that food may not be complete if…

Answer 4

it has some nutritional claim with evidence

Question 5

list in order of increasing quality: private label, premium brands, generic, and national brands

Answer 5

Generic, Private, National, Premium

Question 6

supermarket brands of pet food fall under what type of food category

Answer 6

Private label

Question 7

what are variable formula diets, what types of food does this apply

Answer 7

have same specifications all the time but variable ingredients; Generic, private, or national brands

Question 8

what is a fixed formula diet, what types of food apply

Answer 8

same ingredients always; premium brands

Question 9

cheap food w higher plant protein result in (d/c)

Answer 9

higher ph, FLUTD and burned lawns

Question 10

more fiber leads to ___digestibility and ___ feces

Answer 10

decreased digestibility, more feces

Question 11

less fiber leads to ____ digestibility and ___ feces

Answer 11

increased digestibility, less feces

Question 12

why premium foods ultimately cost less than cheap foods

Answer 12

energy needs met sooner, animal eats less

Question 13

dry food must be less than __% moisture

Answer 13

<12%

Question 14

what is digest

Answer 14

coating sprayed on dry food (kibble) to enhance flavor or cover inadequacies. animal tissue that is broken down

Question 15

how to make dry food more palatable to dogs

Answer 15

moisten

Question 16

what are fines

Answer 16

smaller particles at bottom of kibble

Question 17

semi-moist or semi-dry has __-__% moisture

Answer 17

30-50%

Question 18

what form of pet food has highest digestibility

Answer 18

semi-moist/ semi-dry

Question 19

canned food has up to __% moisture (__% if in sauce or gravy)

Answer 19

up to 78% moisture, 82% if in sauce or gravy

Question 20

problems with “gourmet” wet food (as opposed to ration type)

Answer 20

expensive, may have inverted Ca:P (high meat), may be hard on kidneys due to high protein, may lead to food fixation

Question 21

the __ on pet food packaging is a legal document under FDA control

Answer 21

the label

Question 22

what the label tells us

Answer 22

type of product, price, manufacturer (or packer or distributor)

Question 23

difference between “Beef flavor”, “Beef Dinner”, and “Beef” as product name on label

Answer 23

Flavor= not a significant %
Dinner= 10% beef or liver
Beef= 25% or more

Question 24

what is on a guaranteed analysis on a label

Answer 24

amounts of specific nutrients (not actual values); minimums and maximums

Question 25

T or F; calorie and ash claims are required

Answer 25

F

Question 26

list of ingredients are in descending order meaning

Answer 26

the first listed is highest quantity and so on

Question 27

on canned food, animal source protein should be how high up on ingredient list?

Answer 27

1st or 2nd

Question 28

in dry food, animal source protein should be how high up on ingredient list

Answer 28

1st 2nd or 3rd

Question 29

the nutritional adequacy statements says

Answer 29

indicates product has been AAFCO tested/certified; says "formulated to meet nutrient profiles"(calculation) or "feeding tests used"

Question 30

what are digestion trials

Answer 30

determine digestibility, bombcalorimeter measures CP food- CP feces= % digestibility; trial run on large population

Question 31

what are palatability trials

Answer 31

determines animal acceptance, smell taste and mouth feel, animal given 2 diets side by side (for 10-20 min for dogs, 15-18 hrs for cats), judged by first bite and volume eaten, tests given over several days

Question 32

ways to increase odor (increasing palatability)

Answer 32

warm or stir

Question 33

texture is more significant in dogs or cats, how to better mouth feel

Answer 33

cats; for dogs wet their food (doesnt usually work in cats)

Question 34

ph cats and dogs prefer in food

Answer 34

acidic (3.5-5) especially cats

Question 35

how trials are conducted to see if animals nutrient needs are being met

Answer 35

diet is fed to target group (growing, pregnant, etc.), one group fed test diet (experimental), the other is fed a diet already known to meet needs, compared

Question 36

what are acceptability studies

Answer 36

determine if animal will eat enough to maintain weight

Question 37

breed of dog usually used for feeding trials

Answer 37

beagles (similar weights and looks)

Question 38

meat vs meat by-product

Answer 38

meat= skeletal muscle tissue from animals/birds | meat by-product= parts of carcass, not skeletal muscle tissue

Question 39

what is meat by-product meal

Answer 39

meat by-products clean, rendered, and ground

Question 40

why a diet that is only meat can be dangerous

Answer 40

inverse Ca:P ratio, also deficient in vitamin D and other minerals

Question 41

high fish diets lead to

Answer 41

steatitis/ vitamin E deficiency (fish usu have high fat content, vitamin E diluted out)