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Microbiology > E2- Fungal Infections > Flashcards

E2- Fungal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of cutaneous fungi?

A

Malassezia furfur

Hortaea weneckii

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2
Q

What do dermatophytes require for growth?

A

Keratin (hair, nails, skin; do not infect mucosal surfaces)

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3
Q

Which fungi genuses have sexual spores?

A

Microsporum

Trichophyton

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4
Q

What is the infective stage of fungal disease?

A

Arthroconidium

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5
Q

What can be used to visualize arthroconidium microscopically?

A

10% KOH wet mount

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6
Q

What is trichophytin

A

Galactomannan peptide
Crude antigen of dermatophytes
CHO component immediate response
Peptide component delayed response

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7
Q

What kind of medium allows for early detection of a dermatophyte infection?

A

Dermatophyte test medium

Selective and differential

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8
Q

What color will dermatophytes appear on DTM media?

A 
Red color change
Dermatophytes utilize nitrogenous compounds over carbohydrates 
Change pH (alkaline)
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9
Q

What class of dermatophytes have animal pathogens that can be transmitted to people?

A

Zoophilic

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10
Q

What class of dermatophytes spread through human transmission?

A

Antrophophilic

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11
Q

What class of dermatophytes are transmitted through soil to people and usually invade non-viable keratinized tissue?

A

Geophilic

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12
Q

What area of the body do dermatophytes usually inhabit?

A

Moist areas

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13
Q

What are some risk factors for dermatophyte infections?

A

Communal bathing facilities, immunocompromised status, Cushing’s syndrome, contact sports

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14
Q

Disseminated dermatophyte disease is possible in what type of patients?

A

HIV

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15
Q

What is an allergic dermal reaction to fungal antigens occurring in areas devoid of organisms?

A

Dermatophytid reaction

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16
Q

What is the most common Dermatophytid infection?

A

Tinea pedis

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17
Q

Are Dermatophytid spores generally susceptible or resistant to common disinfectants, chlorine, bleach, and detergents?

A

Susceptible

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18
Q

What 3 Trichophyton species are most common?

A

Trichophyton tonsurans
Trichophyton rubrum
Trichophyton mentagrophytes

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19
Q

Are Trichophyton species typically fluorescent or non fluorescent?

A

Non fluorescent

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20
Q

What Dermatophytid species all make pencil-shaped macroconidia with thin walls?

A

Trichophyton species

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21
Q

What do Trichophyton species produce?

A

Hyphae (Spindle-shaped)
Microconidia
Macroconidia

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22
Q

What are species are the most common cause of tinea capitis?

A

Microsporum species

Microsporum canis

23
Q

Are Microsporum species typically fluorescent or non fluorescent?

A

Fluorescent

24
Q

What do Microsporum species produce?

A

Hyphae
Microconidia
Macroconidia (large, spindle-shaped, multicellular, thick walled)

25
Q

What is infected in tinea barbae?

A

Beard

26
Q

What is infected in tinea manus?

A

Hand

27
Q

What is infected in tinea ungium?

A

Nails (onychomycosis)

28
Q

What is most common causative agent of tinea capitis?

A

Microsporum canis

29
Q

What are the two varieties of tinea capitis?What species cause each?

A

Endothrix- Trichophyton

Ectothrix- Microsporum

30
Q

How does black dot tinea capitis occur?

A

Occurs when infected hair breaks off leading to alopecia

31
Q

Can tinea capitis be zoonotic?

A

Yes

32
Q

What are the most common causative agents of tinea pedis?

A

Epidermophyton floccosum
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Trichophyton rubrum

33
Q

What are the most common causative agents of tinea corporis and tinea cruris?

A

Microsporum canis
Epidermophyton floccosum
Trichophyton mentgrophytes
Trichophyton rubrum

34
Q

What are some predisposing factors for tinea corporis and tinea cruris?

A

Diebetes
Obesity
Excessive persiration

35
Q

How is tinea corporis and tinea cruris transmitted?

A

Direct and indirect contact

towels, clothing, bed linens

36
Q

What are the most common causative agents of tinea unguium?

A

Epidermophyton floccosum
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Trichophyton rubrum

37
Q

What is the most commonly encountered opprtunistic mycoses (fungal/yeast infection) worldwide?

A

Candidiases

38
Q

Does Candida albicans have many virulence factors?

A

No

39
Q

What form Candida albicans is more adhesive than the parental yeast cells?

A

Germ tube

40
Q

How is Candida albicans dx?

A

Direct microscopic examination

41
Q

Candida are polymorphic fungus that can grow as what?

A

Budding yeast
Pseudohyphae
Germ tube
True hyphae

42
Q

What type of agar used to dx Candida infections?

A

Chromagar

43
Q

What can be used to determine the species of a Candida infection?

A

Serology to detect presence/absence of germ tubes

44
Q

What two Candida species have germ tubes?

A

Candida albicans

Candida dubliniensis

45
Q

What is the causative agent of tinea verisolor?

A

Malassezia furfur

46
Q

What does Malassezia furfur look like under microscopy?

A

Short unbranched hyphae and spherical cells

“Spaghetti and meatballs”

47
Q

Which pathogen has a lipophilic growth factor? What does this mean?

A

Malassezia furfur

Requires fat to grow (commonly sebaceous glands)

48
Q

How is tinea versicolor dx?

A

KOH prep and microscopy

49
Q

What is the causative agent of Tinea nigra?

A

Hortaea weneckii

50
Q

Is Tinea nigra caused by yeast or mold?

A

Dimorphic species that can grow as yeast and/or mold

51
Q

What type of conditions can Hortaea weneckii grow in?

A

Saturated salt solutions

Extremely halotolerant

52
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Tinea nigra?

A

Brownish lesions

Fungus produces melanin

53
Q

How is Tinea nigra dx?

A

KOH prep and microscopy

54
Q

What is a structure unique to dermatophytes?

A

Trichophytin

Microbiology (23 decks)

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