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Microbiology > E2- Viral Hepatitis > Flashcards

E2- Viral Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is a common symptom of hepatitis?

A

Icteric symptoms (jaundice, dark urine, hepatomegaly)

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2
Q

What is the most common route of transmission of Hep A and E?

A

Fecal-oral

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3
Q

What two types of hepatitis are acute?

A

Hep A and E (cannot become chronic)

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4
Q

What is the source of Hep B, C, and D?

A

Blood, serum, semen

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5
Q

What three types of hepatitis can cause chronic infection?

A

Hep B, C, and D

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6
Q

What type of hepatitis is “infectious?”

A

Hep A

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7
Q

What type of hepatitis is “serum?”

A

Hep B

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8
Q

What type of hepatitis is “transfusion-associated”/

A

Hep C

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9
Q

What type of hepatitis is “delta agent, only in pts with active HBV infection?

A

Hep D

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10
Q

How does typical acute icteric hepatic present?

A

Prodrome: fatigue, malaise, anorexia
Icteric phase: dark urine, jaundice, hepatomegaly, elevated ALT, ASP
Convalescent phase: disappearance of symptoms

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11
Q

What type of hepatitis has high fatality rates?

A

Fulminant hepatitis

more likely with HDV

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12
Q

How is HAV diagnosed?

A

IgM antibody demonstration by ELISA

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13
Q

How is HAV treated?

A

Bed rest
Hydration and good nutrition
Avoid hepatotoxins (alcohol, drugs, anesthesia)

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14
Q

How is HAV prevented?

A

Proper hand washing
Avoid contaminated food (uncooked shellfish)
Post exposure prophylaxis with immunoglobin
Killed virus vaccine
Education** commonly transmitted to personal contacts

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15
Q

What is a infectious cause of primary hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

HBV

80% of primary hepatocellular carcinoma is linked to chronic HBV

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16
Q

What is a major determinant of whether HBV becomes chronic or not?

A

Age
Self-limited in most adults
90% of children become chronic

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17
Q

What is done to prevent chronic HBV in children?

A

Vaccine is offered very early in life

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18
Q

What is the HBV surface antigen?

A

HBsAg

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19
Q

What is the HBV core antigen?

A

HBcAg

20
Q

Does the HBcAg provide protection?

A

No

21
Q

What antigen indicates that the patient is infetious?

A

HBeAg

22
Q

Can a patient still be infectious if the HBeAg is not present?

A

Yes

23
Q

What is the infectious form of HBV?

A

Dane particle

24
Q

How is HBV spread?

A

Needle sharing, IV drug use, acupuncture, ear piercing, tattooing

25
Q

Who is a major reservoir of HBV?

A

Chronic hepatitis pts

26
Q

What has reduced the infection from blood and blood products?

A

Serological screening

27
Q

What is the greatest risk factor for perinatal-congenital infection?

A

Chronic infection in mother

HBeAg positive mother is greatest risk

28
Q

Who is at greatest risk for HBV infection?

A

Healthcare workers

IV drug users

29
Q

How is the subclinical infection of HBV recognized?

A

anti-HBsAg

30
Q

What complications can chronic HBV lead to?

A

Cirrhosis and liver failure

31
Q

What is the hallmark of initial ongoing HBV infection if present with HBsAg?

A

IgM anti-HBc

32
Q

What indicates past infection of HBV, if present with HBsAg indicates chronic infection?

A

IgG anti-HBc

33
Q

What is the best indication of the presence of infectious HBV virus?

A

HBeAg

34
Q

What do the following test results indicate?
HBsAg- negative
AntiHBc- positive
AntiHBs- positive

A

Immune due to natural infection

35
Q

What do the following test results indicate?
HBsAg- negative
AntiHBc- negative
AntiHBs- positive

A

Immune due to hepatitis B vaccination

36
Q

What do the following test results indicate?
HBsAg- positive
IgM antiHBc- positive
AntiHBs- negative

A

Acutely infected

37
Q 
What do the following test results indicate?
HBsAg- positive
AntiHBc- positive
IgG antiHBc- positive
AntiHBs- negative
A

Chronically infected

38
Q

The HBV vaccine prevents what strains?

A

HBV and HDV

39
Q

What can be used to treat HBV and HDV?

A

PEG-interferon

40
Q

Although Hep B, C, and D can all become chronic, which is most likely to progress to a chronic infection?

A

HCV

41
Q

How is HCV treated?

A

Direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs)
Virus protease or polymerase inhibitors
Alpha-interferon (PEG interferon) for some genotypes

42
Q

What might DAA treatment cause in a patient with a HCV and HBV co-infection?

A

Activation of HBV infection

43
Q

What type of hepatitis requires the presence of HBV for replication?

A

HDV

increases severity of HBV infection

44
Q

What are the leading causes for liver transplant?

A

Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

45
Q

What is the test to screen for HCV?

A

Enzyme immunoassay detection of antibody against HCV

46
Q

Why are direct assays for the HCV virus helpfu in confirmation of diagnosis of HCV?

A

Chronic state and acute phase viremic patients often escape detection

Microbiology (23 decks)

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