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Microbiology > E3- Tetanus and Botulism > Flashcards

E3- Tetanus and Botulism Flashcards

1
Q

What are two types of Clostridial infections?

A
  • Tetanus

- Botulism

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2
Q

What is the aerotolerance of Clostridial species? (tetanus, botulism)

A

Obligate anaerobes

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3
Q

What is the habitat of Clostridial species? (tetanus, botulism)

A
  • Soil

- Normal intestinal flora

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4
Q

Are Clostridial species gram positive/negative? What shape? (tetanus, botulism)

A

Gram positive bacilli

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5
Q

What do all Clostridial species produce? (tetanus, botulism)

A
  • Environmentally resistant spores

- Neurotoxins

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6
Q

Where are the spores located on Clostridium tetani?

A

Terminally

“tennis racket” appearance

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7
Q

Where is the neurotoxin produced on Clostridium tetani?

A

Plasmid

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8
Q

Who is at risk for a Clostridium tetani infection?

A
  • Newborns

- IV drug users

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9
Q

What is the initial event that allows Clostridium tetani spores into the body?

A

Trauma

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10
Q

After the entry of Clostridium tetani into the body, bacteria remain ____ at the site of infection.

A

Localized

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11
Q

After the entry of Clostridium tetani into the body, if ____ conditions are present, there is a corresponding lowering of the oxidation/reduction potential.

A

Anaerobic

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12
Q

After the entry of Clostridium tetani into the body, bacteria multiply and release what?

A

Tetanospasmin (potent exotoxin)

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13
Q

After Clostridium tetani releases tetanospasmin, where does it go?

A

It is absorbed by local nerve endings and transported through neurons

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14
Q

Clostridium tetani neurotoxin results in disruption of what?

A

Central motor control leading to uncontrolled muscle contractions and spasms

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15
Q

What are the 3 clinical forms of Clostridium tetani?

A
  • Generalized (including neonatal)
  • Localized
  • Cephalic
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16
Q

What is the most common clinical form of Clostridium tetani?

A

Generalized (including neonatal)

17
Q

What clinical form of Clostridium tetani usually occurs in immunocompromised patients and leads to muscle spasms in the area close to injury?

A

Localized

18
Q

What is the rarest clinical form of Clostridium tetani that only affects facial muscles?

A

Cephalic

19
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Clostridium tetani?

A
  • Spasm of jaw muscles (lock jaw, trismus)
  • Clenching of jaw (risus sardonicus)
  • Fever
20
Q

How is Clostridium tetani dx?

A

Clinical findings

21
Q

Where are the spores located on Clostridium botulinum?

A

Subterminal

22
Q

How many forms of Clostridium botulinum are there?

A

8

A-H, X

23
Q

Where is the toxin located in Clostridium botulinum?

A

Chromosome

24
Q

What is the effect of the Clostridium botulinum toxin?

A

Prevents ACh from being released leading to flaccid paralysis

25
Q

What is the most deadly form of Clostridium botulinum?

A

Type H (considered the most deadly substance ever)

26
Q

What are the 3 clinical forms of Clostridium botulinum?

A
  • Infant
  • Food borne
  • Wounds
27
Q

How is infant Clostridium botulinum often transmitted?

A

Ingestion of spores via honey

28
Q

What is the prognosis of infant Clostridium botulinum?

A

Systemic effects are lethal, probable cause of sudden infant death

29
Q

How is food borne Clostridium botulinum often transmitted?

A

Improperly canned/processed/preserved foods

30
Q

What are the effects of food borne Clostridium botulinum?

A
  • GI disturbances
  • Toxemia
  • Neuroparalytic illness
31
Q

How is wound Clostridium botulinum often transmitted?

A

IV drug use

32
Q

What is the effect of wound Clostridium botulinum?

A

Neuroparalytic illness

33
Q

What is not seen in the clinical presentation of Clostridium botulinum?

A

Fever

34
Q

How is Clostridium botulinum dx?

A

Demonstration of toxin presence in fecal samples

Microbiology (23 decks)

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