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Microbiology > E2- HIV and AIDs > Flashcards

E2- HIV and AIDs Flashcards

1
Q

When is AIDs (stage 3 HIV infection) diagnosed?

A

When severe damage to immune system is evident

CD4 T cell < 200

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2
Q

What is considered a fast HIV course class?

A

3 yrs or less to AIDs

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3
Q

What is considered an intermediate HIV course class?

A

AIDs emergence lags about one decade after infection

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4
Q

What is considered a long-term/non-progressive HIV course class?

A

AID emergence occurs more than 10 yrs after infection
(under 5% of cases)

“Elite controllers”

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5
Q

What conditions are associated with AIDs? “AIDs-Defining conditions”

A

Kaposis sarcoma, pneumocystis pneumonia, MAC infection, cytomegalovirus, cryptosporidiosis, candidiasis

appear in clusters, and are rare in immunocompetent pts

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6
Q

What is the MOA of HIV?

A

RNA virus that makes DNA copy of itself and inserts it into the host for replication

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7
Q

What is the first target of HIV?Why is this beneficial?

A

First target is the reverse transcriptase (RNA dependent DNA polymerase)

Human cells do not have it

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8
Q

Where is it believed that AIDs came from?

A

Zoonosis that entered human populations via contact with primates (bushmeat)

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9
Q

What are three unproven HIV mythologies?

A

Polio vaccination as a source of HIV-1
Patient zero (Gaétan Dugas)
Deliberate spread

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10
Q

HIV produces ___ cell loss and profound immunosupression.

A

T(H) cell

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11
Q

Why are combination therapies essential to HIV treatment?

A

Virus is able to mutate rapidly, combo therapy is used to prevent swift virus inhibition escape

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12
Q

How is HIV transmitted?

A

Sexual contact
Parenteral
Perinatal
Organ transplants

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13
Q

What greatly enhances sexual HIV infection probability?

A

HSV lesions or psyphilis

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14
Q

Can HIV be spread by insect bites?

A

No

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15
Q

Where are HIV-1 and HIV-2 more common?

A

HIV-1 more common worldwide

HIV-2 more common in West Africa

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16
Q

Which HIV subtype is less easily transmitted, exhibits slower progression to AIDs and is resistant to NNRTIs?

A

HIV-2

17
Q

What is the HIV progression pattern?

A

Virus replicates freely
Patient exhibits antibody response
Virus eventually defeats the antibodies

18
Q

What is the 2 step process of HIV antibody detection/diagnosis?

A
  1. EIA screen

2. Western blot for confirmation

19
Q

What is donated blood always screened for?

A

The presence of HIV antigens and/or RNA

20
Q

According to the Red cross, what designates a positive HIV test?

A

One WB band (blood is discarded)

21
Q

According to the CDC, what designates a positive HIV test?

A

Two cross reacting bands

22
Q

Why do you never solely rely on antigen test to diagnose HIV?

A

Response lag (use direct test)

23
Q

What is seen on PCR with an HIV positive pt?

A

Antigen p24 or RNA genome

24
Q

How can HIV be diagnosed?

A

HIV antibody test (EIA and Western blod)
Direct tests (Nucleic acid test)
PCR
Rapid HIV test (new 20 min test)

25
Q

What is the key to HIV treatment?

A

Combinations!

26
Q

Can HIV therapy cure the infection?

A

No

27
Q

Combinations of what has made a remarkable difference in the clinical condition of HIV patients; virus sinks to undetectable levels

A

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors with Protease inhibitors

28
Q

Most viral load tests have a limit of detection around what?

A

50 copies/mL

29
Q

How does HIV integrate into the host chromosomes?

A

Using viral integrases

30
Q

A substantial portion of HIB patients meet the criteria for what?

A

HIV- associated neurocognitive disorder
Neurovascular function may be influenced by HIV and therapies
Assess ability of patient to comply with complex drug regime

31
Q

Anti-retroviral therapies can drive virus levels to undetectable levels. What does this mean?

A

Patients in viral suppression state are not contagious

Undetectable = untransmissible

Microbiology (23 decks)

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