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Pharmacology II > Sex Hormones (Exam #3) > Flashcards

Sex Hormones (Exam #3) Flashcards

1
Q

GnRH Drugs suppress what?

A

Suppress FSH and LH release

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2
Q

GnRH Drugs: Long-Acting Agonist vs. Antagonist drug?

A
  • Long-Acting Agonists: Leuprolide

- Antagonist: Cetrorelix

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3
Q

With a Long-Acting Agonist (GnRH Drug), an antiandrogen must be added at start of tx if in conjunction with what condition?

A

Metastatic prostate CA

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4
Q

FSH and LH treatment for males? For females?

A
  • Males = hCG (LH) then hMG (FSH)

- Females = hMG (FSH) then hCG (LH)

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5
Q

Use of hCG (LH) in males? In females?

A
  • Males = induce spermatogenesis

- Females = IVF/ART

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6
Q

What medication involves enterohepatic circulation → can be made available again in intestines? What two drugs can inhibit this re-availability?

A

Estrogen

- Inhibited by abx and Rifampin

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7
Q

What are the four primary uses of Estrogen?

A
  • Oral contraception
  • HRT
  • Stimulate puberty
  • Male to female transition
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8
Q

How does Long-Acting Agonist Tamoxifen use differ from Antagonist Tamoxifen use?

A
  • Long-Acting: bone and uterus

- Antagonist: breast CA

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9
Q

What is the “breast CA” drug and is used for both palliative AND prophylaxis reasons?

A

Tamoxifen

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10
Q

What drug is preferred for use of osteoporosis over Tamoxifen, and why?

A

Raloxifene = osteoporosis

  • Antagonist in uterus
  • Agonist in bone

Tamoxifen is agonist in both

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11
Q

What drug is used as initial infertility therapy?

A

Clomiphene

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12
Q

What drug is used for advanced breast CA after Tamoxifen failure in postmenopausal women?

A

Anastrozole

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13
Q

What are the three primary uses of Progesterone?

A
  • Oral contraception
  • Prevent endometrial hyperplasia in HRT (avoid possible CA)
  • Treat conditions where E is contraindicated
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14
Q

What drug is used to terminate pregnancy? What should it always be combined with?

A

Mifepristone

- Combine with PGs

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15
Q

With P:E ratio, which drug is increased, and why? What can this help reduce?

A

Progestin is increases through stages to mimic normal hormonal cycle
- Helps reduce side effects

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16
Q

What are the two primary uses of combination therapy? Which drug is performing most of the actions?

A

Due to P, not E actions

  • Inhibit ovulation (no LH surge)
  • Reduce risk for ovarian or endometrial CA
17
Q

What two drugs can reduce the effectiveness of combination therapy?

A
  • P450 inducers (ex. Rifampin)

- Abx

18
Q

What is the advantage to using Drospirenone/Ethinyl Estradiol (Yaz), and why?

A

Good for use in PMDD

- Due to less water retention

19
Q

What is the use of Progestin-ONLY Mini Pills (2)?

A
  • Breastfeeding (can’t use E bc inhibits prolactin)

- When E is CI

20
Q

With menopause, what two hormones are decreased and what two hormones are increased?

A
  • Decrease in E/P

- Increase in FSH/LH

21
Q

What three symptoms are often associated with menopause?

A
  • Hot flashes (vasomotor)
  • Osteoporosis
  • CVD
22
Q

What are the two primary uses of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)?

A
  • Hysterectomy

- Girls with no ovaries

23
Q

Why should use of P be avoided with HRT after a Hysterectomy?

A

No P necessary if uterus removed

- P is only added to reduce the risk of uterine CA via endometrial hyperplasia

24
Q

Generally, when is HRT most beneficial?

A

LESS than 10 years post-menopause

25
Q

What are the two primary uses of androgens (T and E)? What are five additional uses of T?

A
  • Virilization
  • Anabolic effects (increase bone density, increase muscle and RBC mass)

T also used for…

  • Testicular deficiency
  • Female hypopituitarism
  • Hypoproteinemia of nephrosis
  • Negative nitrogen balance patients (BURN)
  • Female-to-male transition
26
Q

What is the primary use of Flutamide?

A

Combined with long-acting GnRH agonist for use with prostate CA

27
Q

What are the three primary uses of Spironolactone?

A
  • Hirsutism
  • PCOS
  • Precocious puberty
28
Q

What are the two primary uses of Finasteride (Propecia)?

A
  • BPH

- Male pattern baldness

29
Q

What drug essentially induces Menopause again? What are its two uses?

A

Anastrozole (Aromatase Inhibitor)

  • DOC for Breast CA in postmenopausal women
  • Advanced Breast CA after Tamoxifen failure
30
Q

Example of post-coital (emergency) drug? When should it be used?

A

Plan B = high-dose levonorgestrel only pill

- Take within 72 hours post-sex

Pharmacology II (20 decks)

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