Musculoskeletal Flashcards
(275 cards)
1
Q
type of amputation that occurs across a joint
A
disarticulation; Symes amputation
2
Q
PAMS used to promote wound healing for an amputation
A
whirlpool and massage
3
Q
how to promote desensitization of a residual limb
A
weight bearing, massage, tapping, and rubbing
4
Q
WC characteristics required for a LE amputation
A
large rear wheels further back and anti-tippers
5
Q
a realistic nonfunctional hand worn for cosmetic purposes
A
passive terminal device
6
Q
body-powered, externally powered, or hybrid-powered hook or realistic-looking hand that assists with functional activities
A
active terminal device
7
Q
a ________ is more functional than a _________ because of it’s greater precision, greater visibility of objects being grasped, lesser weight, lower cost, greater reliability, and ability to fit into close quarters
A
hook; hand
8
Q
to use a ___________ device, a patient must have 2 superficial muscle sites that can fit within the prosthesis socket with sufficient EMG signals to power the hand
A
myoelectric device
9
Q
wearing schedule for a prosthesis should start at _________ minutes then increase in ___________ increments a day if no redness is reported after 20 minutes, until the prosthesis is worn for a full day
A
15-30
15-30
10
Q
training on the operation of each component of an upper limb prosthesis
A
prosthesis control training
11
Q
training in the integration of prosthesis components for efficient assist during functional use
A
prosthesis use training
12
Q
training in the identification of optimal position of each positioning unit to perform an activity or grasp an object
A
prepositioning training
13
Q
training in terminal device control during grasp activities
A
prehension training
14
Q
training in control and use of the prosthesis during functional activities; incorporates the terminal device and focuses on problem solving
A
functional training
15
Q
goal of functional treatment for LE amputations
A
transfers, bed mobility, WC mobility
16
Q
3 steps in the treatment of contractures
A
(1) superficial and deep heat to increase tissue extensibility (2) slow stretch (3) static splinting
17
Q
splint commonly used for clients with rheumatoid arthritis or cerebral alsy to increase functional use of the hand
A
soft neoprene splint
18
Q
diagnosis for fibromyalgia
A
tenderness in at least 11 of 18 trigger points on the body
19
Q
evaluation method for fibromyalgia
A
daily activity log
20
Q
cognitive aspect of fibromyalgia and treatment method
A
inability to think clearly; memory aids
21
Q
a _________ is most commonly used to restore hip joint motion and pain, after other forms of treatment such as _________ have proved ineffective
A
hip replacement/arthroplasty
cortisone injections
22
Q
precautions associated with a posterolateral approach to hip replacement
A
no hip flexion greater than 90°
no internal rotation
no adduction
23
Q
precautions associated with an anterolateral approach to hip replacement
A
no external rotation
no extension
to adduction
24
Q
out of bed activity should occur ___________ post operation for a hip replacement
A
1-3 days
25
low back pain where the nerve is trapped by a herniated disk
sciatic pain
26
low back pain where there is a narrowing of the intervertebral foramen
spinal stenosis
27
low back pain where there is inflammation or changes of the spinal joints
facet joint pain
28
low back pain where there is a stress fracture of the dorsal to the transverse process
spondylosis
29
low back pain where there is a slippage of a vertebra out of position
spondyloisthesis
30
low back pain where there is stress tearing of the fibers of a disc, causing an outward bulge pressing on spinal nerves
herniated nucleus pulposus
31
standards of body mechanics (9)
```
maintain a straight back
bend from the hip
avoid twisting
maintain good posture
carry loads close to the body
lift with the legs
lift with a wide base of support
lift in sagittal plane
lift slowly
```
32
type of lift that is safest for the back and ideal for heavy loads
semisquat
33
type of lift used when space is limited and often preferred by people with low back pain
squat
34
type of lift used only for light loads (<20 lbs)
stoop lift
35
type of lift recommended for an individual with low back pain to get clothing out of the washer
golfers lift; lifting the leg opposite the arm used in reach
36
precautions for chemotherapy (5)
```
use of mask due to compromised immunity
restricted diet due to yeast infection in mouth
screen anxiety/depression/fatigue
extra care to avoid dropping things
monitor for excess bleeding
```
37
precautions for radiation (2)
maintain joint ROM avoiding burned skin
| water based ointments
38
surgery precautions for cancer (2)
no bathing until staples/sutures removed
| prevent dependent edema
39
side effects and precautions of hormone therapy for cancer
side effects: menopause symptoms, hot flashes, mood swings
| precautions: monitor room temperature and client mood
40
side effects and precautions of immunotherapy
side effects: heightened/blocked immune system and skin welts
precautions: avoid scratching skin
41
occupational assessments useful for cancer
COPM
| Occupational Performance History Interview
42
assessment to describe activities that cause fatigue after a cancer diagnosis
brief fatigue inventory
43
assessment to determine multisymptom client reported outcomes
M.S. Anderson Symptom Inventory
44
general quality of life assessment for cancer patients
functional assessment of cancer therapy-general (FACIT)
45
most common joint disorder; non inflammatory condition that causes a breakdown in articular cartilage as a result of mechanical and chemical factors resulting in reduced joint space and eventually painful bone on bone contact
osteoarthritis
46
osteophytes or bone spur that develops on the edge of the PIP joint with osteoarthritis
bouchard's node
47
osteophytes or bone spur that develops on the edge of the DIP joint with osteoarthritis
Herberden's node
48
patients with osteoarthritis should be screened for
cognitive and psychosocial deficits
49
total knee replacement precautions (4)
no pillows under the knee in bed
rest feet on floor when sitting (increase ROM)
wear immobilizer as instructed
avoid kneeling, squatting, twisting knee
50
PAM used to reduce pain and increase ROM for osteoarthritis
superficial heat modalities
51
ROM exercises encouraged for osteoarthritis
AROM
| PROM only if AROM precluded
52
which exercises may be contraindicated for CMC osteoarthritis
pinch exercises
53
type of spline prescribed to provide stability to the CMC joint during pinching for osteoarthritis
spice splint
54
progressive condition characterized by low bone mass or density and deterioration leading to bone fragility and pathological fracture particularly on weight bearing bones
osteoporosis
55
reversible weakening of the bone and is a precursor to osteoporosis
osteopenia
56
back deformity associated with osteoporosis
kyphosis
57
secondary complications of kyphosis
difficulty breathing and problems with swallowing
58
chronic systemic inflammatory condition that is a progressive synovitis of the diarthrodial joints
rheumatoid arthritis
59
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis can develop between the ages of ______ and _______
1 and 6
60
where do secondary extra-articular complications occur in rheumatoid arthritis (6)
```
cardiovascular
ocular
respiratory
gastrointestinal
renal
neurological systems
```
61
presentation of rheumatoid arthritis where the most commonly affected joints are the PIP joints, MCP joints, all thumb joints, wrist, elbow, ankle, MTP joints, temporomandibular, hip, knee, shoulder, and cervical spine
symmetric polyarticular presentation
62
deformity characterized by very floppy joints with shortened bones and redundant skin; caused by reabsorption of bone ends; most common in MCP, PIP, radiocarpal, or radioulnar joints
mutilans deformity
63
describe ulnar drift or zig zag deformity
radial deviation of wrist and ulnar deviation of MCP joints
64
hyperextension of the MTP and flexion of the PIP and DIP
claw toe
65
hyperextension of the MRP and flexion of the PIP and hyperextension of the DIP
hammer toe
66
subluxation of the metatarsal heads
cock up toe
67
fibular deviation of the first toe
hallux valgus or bunion
68
stage of RA characterized by pain and tenderness at rest that increased with movement; there is limited ROM, overall stiffness, gel phenomenon, weakness, tingling/numbness, hot/red joints, cold/sweaty hands, low endurance, weight loss, decreased appetite, fever
acute stage
69
stage of RA characterized by reduced pain and tenderness, morning stiffness, limited movement, tingling/numbness, pink/warm joints, low endurance, weakness, gel phenomenon, weight loss, decreased appetite, mild fever
subacute stage
70
stage of RA characterized by low-grade inflammation, decreased ROM, less tingling, pain and tenderness primarily with movement, and low endurance
chronic-active stage
71
stage of RA characterized by no signs of inflammation, low endurance, pain from stiff/weak joints, morning stiffness as a result of disuse, limited ROM, weaness/muscle atrophy, contractures
chronic-inactive stage
72
RA progression with no destructive changes on X ray with possible presence of osteoporosis
stage I, early
73
RA progression with radiographic evidence of osteoporosis, possible subchondral bone destruction and presence of cartilage destruction, no joint deformity (may be limited ROM), adjacent muscle atrophy, possible presence of extra-articular soft tissue lesions
stage II, moderate
74
RA progression with radiographic evidence of osteoporosis, cartilage and bone destruction, joint deformity, extensive muscle atrophy, possible presence of extra-articular soft-tissue lesions
stage III, severe
75
RA progression with fibrous or bone ankylosis in addition to severe signs
stage IV, terminal
76
ROM exercises appropriate during acute flare up of RA to prevent stress on inflamed joints
PROM
77
strengthening exercises appropriate during acute flare ups of RA
isometric exercises with pain free exertion
78
bone of the hand and wrist from distal to proximal and ulnar to radial side
distal: hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium
proximal: pisiform, lunate, triquetrum, scaphoid
79
large muscles that originate from the lateral epicondyle
aconeous
brachioradialis
supinator
80
large muscle that originates from the medial epicondyle
pronator teres
81
main arteries supplying blood to the hand and wrist
radial and ulnar arteries
82
main arteries supplying the forearm and upper arm
brachial and brachiocephalic arteries
83
large muscles of the forearm and upper arm (7)
```
deltoid
triceps
aconeus
biceps
brachii
brachialis
brachioradialis
```
84
sensory receptor in the hand responsible for vibration
pacinian corpuscles
85
sensory receptor in the hand responsible for tension
ruffini end organs
86
sensory receptor in the hand responsible for pressure
Merkel cells
87
Allen's test is used to assess
vascular function
88
Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing is typically use for
nerve compression
89
two-point discrimination is typically used for
nerve laceration
90
outcome measure for UE dysfunction
quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire (Quick DASH)
91
the most common carpal fracture seen and missed in injuries to the wrist can lead to poor blood supply and become necrotic
scaphoid fracture
92
fractures of the _______ are assosciated with Keinbocks disease (no blood suppply)
lunate fracture
93
injury that occurs when the tendon separates from the bone and its insertion and removes bone material with the tendon
avulsion injury
94
avulsion of the terminal tendon and treatment
mallet finger
| splint in full extension for 6 weeks
95
disruption of the central slip of extensor tendon characterized by PIP flexion and DIP hyperextension and treatment
boutonniere deformity
| PIP splinted in extension with isolated DIP flexion exercises
96
injury to the MCP, PIP, or DIP joint characterized by PIP hyperextension and DIP flexion and treatment
swan neck deformity
| PIP splinted in slight flexioin
97
3 common phases of fracture healing
inflammation
repair (callus/stabilization)
remodeling (deposits bone)
98
PAMS for pain relief and tissue healing
```
heat
ultrasound
cryotherapy
parrafin
TENS
```
99
when does controlled AROM being after a hand fracture if the fixation is stable
3-6 weeks
100
complete fracture of the distal radius with dorsal displacement; most common type of wrist fracture
colles fracture
101
complete fracture of the distal radius with palmar displacement
smith's fracture
102
fracture of the first metacarpal base
Bennet's fracture
103
primary treatment for CRPS
stress loading
104
how can a type I non displaced radial head fracture be treated
long arm splint
105
how can a type II single fragment displacement of a radial head fracture be treated
nonoperative with immobilization for 2-3 weeks
| early motion with medical clearance
106
how can a type III comminuted radial head fracture be treated
operatively with immobilization and early motion within first postoperative week as medically prescribed (cast)
107
what kind of orthotic can be used for a non displace proximal humeral fracture
humeral fracture brace
108
when can ROM begin for a non operative proximal humeral fracture as medically prescribed
2 weeks
109
an aggressive stretching ROM protocol can being how long after the fracture as prescribed by the physician
4-6 weeks
110
how long is a sling used for comfort and sleeping as needed at home for a proximal humeral fracture
6 weeks
111
CRPS developed after a noxious event
Type I CRPS
112
CRPS developed after a nerve injury
Type II CRPS
113
sensation misinterpreted as pain
allodynia
114
increased response to painful stimuli
hyperalgia
115
pain that continues after the stimuli is removed
hyperpathia
116
PAMS indicated for CRPS
TENS (pain), contrast baths (edema), fluidotherapy (desensitization)
117
description of cumulative trauma disorder characterized by pain after activity that resolves quickly
grade I
118
description of cumulative trauma disorder characterized by pain during activity that resolves when the activity is stopped
grade II
119
description of cumulative trauma disorder characterized by pain that persists after activity, affects work productivity, and includes objective weakness and sensory loss
grade III
120
description of cumulative trauma disorder characterized by use of extremity resulting in pain up to 75% of the time with work being limited
grade IV
121
description of cumulative trauma disorder characterized by unrelenting pain and inability to work
grade V
122
goal of acute intervention for cumulative trauma disorders
reduce pain and inflammation
123
center the extensor tendons over the MCP joint
sagittal bands
124
when can modalities be used for extensor tendon repair
once cleared by the prescribing physician
125
when is strengthening typically initiated after a tendon repair
8-12 weeks after surgery
126
describe flexor zone I
fingertip to center of middle phalanx
127
describe flexor zone II
middle phalanx to distal palmar crease
| no mans land
128
why is flexor zone II referred to as no mans land
difficulty of tendon gliding without scarring surrounding tissues
129
describe flexor zone III
distal palmar crease to transverse carpal ligament
130
describe flexor zone IV
lies over the transverse carpal ligament
131
describe flexor zone V
extends beyond the wrist
132
protocol for flexor injuries that calls for an early passive ROM program
Duran protocol
133
protocol for flexor injuries that calls for active extension of digits with passive flexion via traction (rubber band)
Kleinert protocol
134
when does an early active motion protocol begin for flexor tendon injuries to prevent adhesion and promote tendon gliding and excursion
within days of surgery
135
protocol used for patients who are unable to care for themselves and do not have the cognitive capacity to ensure safety postoperatively for a flexor tendon injury; sometimes used with children; length
immobilization protocol; 6 weeks
136
what kind of splint is used for a flexor tendon repair to prevent rupture
dorsal blocking splint with wrist flexed 30° and MCPs flexed 60°
137
when is a repaired tendon at its weakest
10 to 12 days
138
what modality is used to promote tendon excursion and activation after a tendon injury
neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)
139
describe the sequence of tendon glides used to promote full tendon excursion, full ROM, and prevent adhesion
finger straight
MCPs flexed
hook fist
flat fist
140
protocol for operative treatment of a radial nerve injury
static wrist extension splint (30°) 4 weeks
| after 4 weeks, adjust splint to 10-20°
141
non operative treatment of radial tunnel syndrome
```
long arm splint: elbow flexion, supination, neutral wrist (2 weeks)
wrist cock up, A/P pronation/supination (2 more weeks)
hand strengthening (3 weeks)
resistive exercises (6 weeks)
```
142
syndrome resulting in motor loss of flexor digitorum longus, flexor profundus to the index finger, and pronator quadratus
anterior interosseous syndrome
143
non operative treatment of pronator syndrome
elbow splinted in 90-100° flexion with neutral forearm
| gentle prolonged stretching
144
operative treatment of pronator syndrome
half cast with AROM of UE joints with cast
muscle strengthening after 1 week
full AROM in 8 weeks
145
non operative median nerve treatment
static thenar web spacer splint
146
operative median nerve treatment
dorsal wrist blocking splint (4-6 weeks)
AROM/PROM for digits, tendon glides, scar massage
d/c splint after 6 weeks and start strengthening
147
occurs when a peripheral nerve is entrapped in more than one location
double crush syndrome
148
how long should the phalens test be administered to assess for carpal tunnel syndrome while looking for changes in sensation
1 minute
149
timed test involving picking up, holding, manipulation, and identifying small objects; used with children and cognitively impaired adults to test median nerve function
Moberg PickupTest
150
when should AROM of the wrist, thumb, and fingers be initiated after carpal tunnel surgery
1-2 days
151
when can strengthening begin after carpal tunnel surgery
3-6 weeks
152
nerve disorder characterized by decreased grip and pinch due to weak interossei, adductor pollicus, and flexor carpi ulnaris
cubital tunnel syndrome
153
flexion of the IP of the thumb when a lateral pinch is attempted
Froment's sign
154
5th finger held abducted from the 4th finger
wartenberg's sign
155
the elbow flexion test where the elbow is flexed for 5 minutes with the wrist in neutral is used to elicit symptoms to test for what type of nerve injury
cuibtal tunnel syndrome
156
non operative treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome
elbow splint in 30-60° flexion for 3 weeks
157
operative treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome
```
protection phase (1 day-3 weeks): elbow flexion splint 70-90°
active phase (3 weeks): d/c splint, elbow AROM
```
158
progression of elbow AROM for operative cubital tunnel syndrome
pronation
supination
wrist ROM with elbow flexed
wrist ROM with elbow extended
159
non operative treatment of de Quervain syndrome
forearm based thumb spica: wrist neutral thumb radially abducted (3 weeks)
after 3 weeks: soft splint and isometric exercise
160
operative treatment of de Quervain syndrome
forearm based thumb spice: wrist 20° extended thumb radially abducted (3 weeks)
grip/pinch strengthening: 2 weeks
161
result of distal ulnar nerve compression
claw deformity
162
if sensory loss is present on the dorsal side of the hand injury with a claw deformity, the injury is ______to the Guyon's canal
proximal
163
hyperextension of the thumb MCP
Jeanne's sign
164
non operative treatment of claw deformity
ulnar nerve palsy/anticlaw splint with dynamic PIP extension
| padded antivibration glove
165
operative treatment of claw deformity
bulky dressing: 3-10 days
dorsal blocking splint: 20-30° wrist flexion and MCP block to 45° extension (adjust at 3-6 weeks to bring wrist to neutral)
d/c splint after 6 weeks
AROM at 6 weeks
sensory reeducation at 10-12 weeks (once protective sensation returned)
166
non operative treatment of digital stenosing tenosynovitis (trigger finger)
splint MCP at 0° for 3-6 weeks
| gentle PIP ROM x 20 every 2 hours
167
operative treatment of digital stenosing tenosynovitis (trigger finger)
surgical release of A1 pully
168
educating a client to visually compensate for sensory loss to and to avoid working with machinery at temperatures below 60°
protective reeducation
169
educating a client to use motivation and repetition in a vision-tactile matching process in which clients identify objects with and without vision
discriminative reeducation
170
applying different textures and tactile stimulation to reeducation the nervous system so clients can tolerate sensations during functional use of the UE
desensitization
171
describe the process of sensory recovery
pain perception
vibration of 30 cycles per second
moving touch
constant touch
172
cryotherapy (cold therapy) contraindications
```
impaired circulation
peripheral vascular disease
hypersensitivity to col
open wounds
infections
```
173
thermotherapy (warm therapy) contraindications
```
acute inflammation
edema
sensory impairment
cancer
blood clots
infection
cardiac problems
impaired cognition
```
174
use of ultrasound to promote absorption of topically applied medication to accelerate tissue repair and decrease inflammation
phonophoresis
175
contraindications for ultrasound
```
pregnancy
over eyes
pacemaker
bleeding
infections
cance
over blod clots
over growth plate of bones in children
```
176
precautions for ultrasound
inflammation
fractures
breast implants
clients with cognitive/language/sensory impairments
177
electrical stimulation that promote wound healing, muscle mass maintenance, ROM, decreased edema, voluntary motor control, decreased spasms and spasticity and as an orthotic substitute
NMES
178
electrical stimulation that primarily controls pain through 3 possible mechanisms: gate control, endorphin release, and acupuncture
TENS
179
electrical stimulation that decreases inflammation and controls pain
iontophoresis
180
contraindications for electrical stimulation
do not use over pacemarkers, carotid sinus, pregnant uterus, eyes
clients with epilepsy, cancer, infection, decrease sensation, cardiac disease, stroke
181
precaution for iontophoresis
be aware of drug allergies
182
contraindications for laser/light therapy
protective eye wear
| do not use over vagus nerve, pregnant uterus, eyes, infection, endocrine glands, cancer
183
describe the position of a resting hand splint
wrist: 20-30° extension
thumb: 45° palmar abduction
MCPs: 35-45° flexion
PIP/DIP: slight flexion
184
describe the position of the antideformity resting hand splint
wrist: 30-40° extension
thumb: 45° palmar abduction
MCPs: 70-90° flexion
PIP/DIP: full extension
185
ball of cone antispasticity splints involve _______ of the wrist
serial casting
186
splint position for carpal tunnel syndrome
10° extension or neutral
187
splint position for ulnar nerve at the wrist
block 4th and 5th MCPs to 30-45° flexion to prevent hyperextension
188
splint position for anterior interosseous syndrome
forearm neutral, elbow flexed 90°
189
splint position for radial tunnel syndrome
wrist: 30° extension
forearm supinated
elbow: 90° flexion
190
dynamic splint conditions for correcting contractures
mechanical stretch of prolonged gentle pull over 8-12 hours
191
wound is closed with sutures
primary wound closure
192
wound is left open and allowed to close on its own
secondary wound closure
193
wound is cleaned, derided, and observed 4-5 days before suturing it closed
delayed primary
194
progression of wound healing phases
inflammatory
proliferative
remodeling
195
how long does the acute phase and subacute phase of the inflammation stages of wound healing last
acute: 24/48 hours - 7 days
subacute: 7-14 days
196
stage of wound healing where lactic and ascorbic acid stimulate fibroblasts to synthesized collagen, and cross linkage of collage increases the tensile strength of repaired skin to 80%; how long does it last
```
proliferative phase (fibroplastic, granulation, epithelialization)
5 days - 2/3 weeks
```
197
resurfaces the wound
epithelialization
198
forms new collagen and blood vesels
granulation
199
which wounds heal quickest to slowest
linear
rectangular
circular
200
how long does the remodeling phase of wound healing last
2 weeks - 1/2 years
201
when do hypertrophic/keloid scars form
when collagen synthesis exceeds collagen lysis
202
full ROM against gravity with moderate resistance
4
203
full ROM against gravity with less than moderate resistance
4-
204
full ROM against gravity with minimum resistance
3+
205
full ROM against gravity with no resistance
3
206
less than full ROM against gravity
3-
207
full ROM in gravity eliminated with minimal resistance
2+
208
full ROM in gravity eliminated with no resistance
2
209
less than full ROM in gravity eliminated
2-
210
acute edema is considered
pitting
211
chronic edema is considered
brawny
212
method for measuring edema of the hands
figure of 8 method
213
significant change in edema would be
> 10 mm
214
recognition of touch by common objects
stereognosis
215
normal 2 point moving discrimination for the hands
2 mm
216
dermatome location; muscles; function for CN V
anterior facial region
mastication
ingestion
217
dermatome location; muscles; function for C3
neck region
sternocleidomastoid/upper trapezius
head control
218
dermatome location; muscles; function for C4
upper shoulder region
trapezius (diaphragm)
head control
219
dermatome location; muscles; function for C5
lateral aspect of shoulder
deltoid/biceps/ rhomboids
elbow flexion
220
dermatome location; muscles; function for C6
thumb and radial forearm
extensor carpi radialis/biceps
shoulder abduction/wrist extension
221
dermatome location; muscles; function for C7
middle finger
triceps and wrist/finger extensors
wrist flexion/finger extension
222
dermatome location; muscles; function for C8
little finger/ulnar forearm
wrist/finger flexors
C8 finger flexion
223
dermatome location; muscles; function for T1
axilla and proximal medial forearm
hand intrinsics
finger abduction/adduction
224
dermatome location; muscles; function for T2-T12
thorax
intercostals
respiration
225
dermatome location; muscles; function for T4-T6
nipple line
intercostals
respiration
226
dermatome location; muscles; function for T11
mid chest region/lower rib
abdominal wall/muscles
T5-T7 superficial abdominal reflex
227
dermatome location; muscles; function for T10
umbilicus
psoas, iliacus
leg flexion
228
dermatome location; muscles; function for L1-L2
inside of thigh
cremastueric reflex/accessory muscles
scrotum elevation
229
dermatome location; muscles; function for L2
proximal anterior thigh
iliopsoas, thigh adductors
reflex voiding
230
dermatome location; muscles; function for L3-L4
anterior knee
quadriceps, tibialis anterior, detrusor urinae
hip flexion, knee extension, thigh abduction
231
dermatome location; muscles; function for L5
great toe
lateral hamstrings
knee flexion, toe extension
232
dermatome location; muscles; function for L5-S1
foot region
gastrocnemius, soleus, extensor digitorum longus
flexor withdrawal/urinary retention
233
dermatome location; muscles; function for
narrow band of posterior thigh
small muscles of foot (flexor digitorum/hallucis)
bladder retention
234
test of hand function including 7 subtests with score based on time (writing, page turning, picking up objects, simulated feeding, stacking, picking up large objects, picking up heavy objects)
Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test
235
assessment of client perception of unilateral and bilateral functional activity; includes pain perception, ability to participate, and appearance
Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire
236
describe differential tendon gliding exercises
```
straight
hook first
fist
table top
straight fist
```
237
overstretching can sometimes result in
heteroptrophic ossificans
238
what kind of strengthening is contraindicated for an individual with hypertension and cardiovascular issues
isometrics
239
for what condition would you want to avoid extreme elevated positioning above the heart
R sided heart weakness- fluid can empty into heart too fast
240
contraindications for contrast bath
```
infections
vascular/circulation damage
blood clots
unstable fractures
CHF
cardiac edema
```
241
what kind of splint should be used for a brachial plexus injury
flail arm splint for positioning
242
what kind of splint would you use for a combined median and ulnar nerve injury
figure of 8 splint or lumbrical bar
243
splint for ulnar collateral ligament (UCL)/skiers thumb injury
hand-based thumb splint
244
continuous ultrasound has _______properties
thermal
245
pulsed ultrasound has _________properties
non-thermal
246
which muscles are responsible for finger adduction (and innervation)
palmar interossei; ulnar nn
247
which muscles are responsible for finger abduction (and innervation)
dorsal interossei; ulnar nn
248
what are the lumbricals responsible for (and innervation)
MCP flexion and IP extension
D2-D3: median
D4-D5: ulnar
249
what innervates the flexor digitorum profundus and what is it responsible for
median nerve: DIP flexion D2/D3
| ulnar nerve: DIP flexion D4/D5
250
what nerve is responsible for forearm pronation
median nn
251
what nerve is responsible for forearm supination
radial nn
252
what is the difference between the function of the biceps and brachialis (and what innervates them)
biceps: elbow flexion with supinated forearm
brachialis: elbow flexion with pronated forearm
musculocutaneous nn
253
what innervates the brachioradialis
radial nn
254
what is the aconeus responsible for
elbow extension
255
what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles and what are their functions
subscapularis: internal rotation
supraspinatus: abduction/flexion
infraspinaturs: external rotation
teres minor: external rotation
256
what muscles flex the shoulder
anterior deltoid
coracobrachialis
supraspinatus
257
what muscles abduct the shoulder
middle deltoid
| supraspinatus
258
what muscles horizontally abduct the shoulder
posterior deltoid
259
what muscles horizontally adduct the shoulders
pectoralis major
260
what muscles extend the shoulder
latissimus dorsi
teres major
posterior deltoid
261
what muscles upwardly rotate the scapula
trapezius (CN XI), serrratus anterior
262
what muscles downwardly rotate the scapula
levator scapulae (C4-C4), rhomboids, serratus anterior, latissimus dorsi
263
what muscles adduct the scapula
middle trapezius and rhomboid major
264
what muscles abduct the scapula
serratus anterior
265
what muscles elevate the scapula
upper trapezius and levator scapulae
266
what muscles depress the scapula
lower trapezius
267
splint for Dupytren's disease
hand based extension splint worn at all times except for ROM and bathing (ideally full extension)
268
functional treatment for Dupytren's disease
occupations that emphasize flexion (grip) and extension (release)
269
conservative treatment of skier thumb
splint 4-6 weeks
| AROM/pinch strength at 6 weeks
270
post-operative treatment for skiers thumb
thumb splint 6 weeks
AROM
PROM week 8
strengthening week 10
271
can be seen with a high median nerve injury when asked to make a fist
sign of benediction
272
partial head replacement of femoral head
Austin Moore
273
what is the most commonly used medication for iontophoresis due to it's antiinflammatory properties
dexamethasone
274
if a tendon injury is proximal to the juncturae tendinum, what fingers need to be included in the splint
forearm based with middle, ring, and index
275
at what point should iontophoresis be discontinued
after 4-6 visits if 50% relief is not obtained
