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NBCOT > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

type of amputation that occurs across a joint

A

disarticulation; Symes amputation

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2
Q

PAMS used to promote wound healing for an amputation

A

whirlpool and massage

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3
Q

how to promote desensitization of a residual limb

A

weight bearing, massage, tapping, and rubbing

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4
Q

WC characteristics required for a LE amputation

A

large rear wheels further back and anti-tippers

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5
Q

a realistic nonfunctional hand worn for cosmetic purposes

A

passive terminal device

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6
Q

body-powered, externally powered, or hybrid-powered hook or realistic-looking hand that assists with functional activities

A

active terminal device

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7
Q

a ________ is more functional than a _________ because of it’s greater precision, greater visibility of objects being grasped, lesser weight, lower cost, greater reliability, and ability to fit into close quarters

A

hook; hand

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8
Q

to use a ___________ device, a patient must have 2 superficial muscle sites that can fit within the prosthesis socket with sufficient EMG signals to power the hand

A

myoelectric device

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9
Q

wearing schedule for a prosthesis should start at _________ minutes then increase in ___________ increments a day if no redness is reported after 20 minutes, until the prosthesis is worn for a full day

A

15-30

15-30

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10
Q

training on the operation of each component of an upper limb prosthesis

A

prosthesis control training

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11
Q

training in the integration of prosthesis components for efficient assist during functional use

A

prosthesis use training

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12
Q

training in the identification of optimal position of each positioning unit to perform an activity or grasp an object

A

prepositioning training

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13
Q

training in terminal device control during grasp activities

A

prehension training

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14
Q

training in control and use of the prosthesis during functional activities; incorporates the terminal device and focuses on problem solving

A

functional training

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15
Q

goal of functional treatment for LE amputations

A

transfers, bed mobility, WC mobility

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16
Q

3 steps in the treatment of contractures

A

(1) superficial and deep heat to increase tissue extensibility (2) slow stretch (3) static splinting

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17
Q

splint commonly used for clients with rheumatoid arthritis or cerebral alsy to increase functional use of the hand

A

soft neoprene splint

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18
Q

diagnosis for fibromyalgia

A

tenderness in at least 11 of 18 trigger points on the body

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19
Q

evaluation method for fibromyalgia

A

daily activity log

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20
Q

cognitive aspect of fibromyalgia and treatment method

A

inability to think clearly; memory aids

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21
Q

a _________ is most commonly used to restore hip joint motion and pain, after other forms of treatment such as _________ have proved ineffective

A

hip replacement/arthroplasty

cortisone injections

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22
Q

precautions associated with a posterolateral approach to hip replacement

A

no hip flexion greater than 90°
no internal rotation
no adduction

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23
Q

precautions associated with an anterolateral approach to hip replacement

A

no external rotation
no extension
to adduction

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24
Q

out of bed activity should occur ___________ post operation for a hip replacement

A

1-3 days

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25
Q

low back pain where the nerve is trapped by a herniated disk

A

sciatic pain

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26
Q

low back pain where there is a narrowing of the intervertebral foramen

A

spinal stenosis

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27
Q

low back pain where there is inflammation or changes of the spinal joints

A

facet joint pain

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28
Q

low back pain where there is a stress fracture of the dorsal to the transverse process

A

spondylosis

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29
Q

low back pain where there is a slippage of a vertebra out of position

A

spondyloisthesis

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30
Q

low back pain where there is stress tearing of the fibers of a disc, causing an outward bulge pressing on spinal nerves

A

herniated nucleus pulposus

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31
Q

standards of body mechanics (9)

A 
maintain a straight back
bend from the hip
avoid twisting
maintain good posture
carry loads close to the body
lift with the legs
lift with a wide base of support
lift in sagittal plane
lift slowly
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32
Q

type of lift that is safest for the back and ideal for heavy loads

A

semisquat

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33
Q

type of lift used when space is limited and often preferred by people with low back pain

A

squat

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34
Q

type of lift used only for light loads (<20 lbs)

A

stoop lift

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35
Q

type of lift recommended for an individual with low back pain to get clothing out of the washer

A

golfers lift; lifting the leg opposite the arm used in reach

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36
Q

precautions for chemotherapy (5)

A 
use of mask due to compromised immunity
restricted diet due to yeast infection in mouth
screen anxiety/depression/fatigue
extra care to avoid dropping things
monitor for excess bleeding
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37
Q

precautions for radiation (2)

A

maintain joint ROM avoiding burned skin

water based ointments

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38
Q

surgery precautions for cancer (2)

A

no bathing until staples/sutures removed

prevent dependent edema

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39
Q

side effects and precautions of hormone therapy for cancer

A

side effects: menopause symptoms, hot flashes, mood swings

precautions: monitor room temperature and client mood

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40
Q

side effects and precautions of immunotherapy

A

side effects: heightened/blocked immune system and skin welts
precautions: avoid scratching skin

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41
Q

occupational assessments useful for cancer

A

COPM

Occupational Performance History Interview

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42
Q

assessment to describe activities that cause fatigue after a cancer diagnosis

A

brief fatigue inventory

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43
Q

assessment to determine multisymptom client reported outcomes

A

M.S. Anderson Symptom Inventory

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44
Q

general quality of life assessment for cancer patients

A

functional assessment of cancer therapy-general (FACIT)

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45
Q

most common joint disorder; non inflammatory condition that causes a breakdown in articular cartilage as a result of mechanical and chemical factors resulting in reduced joint space and eventually painful bone on bone contact

A

osteoarthritis

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46
Q

osteophytes or bone spur that develops on the edge of the PIP joint with osteoarthritis

A

bouchard’s node

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47
Q

osteophytes or bone spur that develops on the edge of the DIP joint with osteoarthritis

A

Herberden’s node

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48
Q

patients with osteoarthritis should be screened for

A

cognitive and psychosocial deficits

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49
Q

total knee replacement precautions (4)

A

no pillows under the knee in bed
rest feet on floor when sitting (increase ROM)
wear immobilizer as instructed
avoid kneeling, squatting, twisting knee

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50
Q

PAM used to reduce pain and increase ROM for osteoarthritis

A

superficial heat modalities

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51
Q

ROM exercises encouraged for osteoarthritis

A

AROM

PROM only if AROM precluded

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52
Q

which exercises may be contraindicated for CMC osteoarthritis

A

pinch exercises

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53
Q

type of spline prescribed to provide stability to the CMC joint during pinching for osteoarthritis

A

spice splint

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54
Q

progressive condition characterized by low bone mass or density and deterioration leading to bone fragility and pathological fracture particularly on weight bearing bones

A

osteoporosis

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55
Q

reversible weakening of the bone and is a precursor to osteoporosis

A

osteopenia

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56
Q

back deformity associated with osteoporosis

A

kyphosis

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57
Q

secondary complications of kyphosis

A

difficulty breathing and problems with swallowing

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58
Q

chronic systemic inflammatory condition that is a progressive synovitis of the diarthrodial joints

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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59
Q

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis can develop between the ages of ______ and _______

A

1 and 6

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60
Q

where do secondary extra-articular complications occur in rheumatoid arthritis (6)

A 
cardiovascular
ocular
respiratory
gastrointestinal
renal
neurological systems
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61
Q

presentation of rheumatoid arthritis where the most commonly affected joints are the PIP joints, MCP joints, all thumb joints, wrist, elbow, ankle, MTP joints, temporomandibular, hip, knee, shoulder, and cervical spine

A

symmetric polyarticular presentation

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62
Q

deformity characterized by very floppy joints with shortened bones and redundant skin; caused by reabsorption of bone ends; most common in MCP, PIP, radiocarpal, or radioulnar joints

A

mutilans deformity

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63
Q

describe ulnar drift or zig zag deformity

A

radial deviation of wrist and ulnar deviation of MCP joints

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64
Q

hyperextension of the MTP and flexion of the PIP and DIP

A

claw toe

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65
Q

hyperextension of the MRP and flexion of the PIP and hyperextension of the DIP

A

hammer toe

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66
Q

subluxation of the metatarsal heads

A

cock up toe

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67
Q

fibular deviation of the first toe

A

hallux valgus or bunion

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68
Q

stage of RA characterized by pain and tenderness at rest that increased with movement; there is limited ROM, overall stiffness, gel phenomenon, weakness, tingling/numbness, hot/red joints, cold/sweaty hands, low endurance, weight loss, decreased appetite, fever

A

acute stage

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69
Q

stage of RA characterized by reduced pain and tenderness, morning stiffness, limited movement, tingling/numbness, pink/warm joints, low endurance, weakness, gel phenomenon, weight loss, decreased appetite, mild fever

A

subacute stage

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70
Q

stage of RA characterized by low-grade inflammation, decreased ROM, less tingling, pain and tenderness primarily with movement, and low endurance

A

chronic-active stage

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71
Q

stage of RA characterized by no signs of inflammation, low endurance, pain from stiff/weak joints, morning stiffness as a result of disuse, limited ROM, weaness/muscle atrophy, contractures

A

chronic-inactive stage

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72
Q

RA progression with no destructive changes on X ray with possible presence of osteoporosis

A

stage I, early

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73
Q

RA progression with radiographic evidence of osteoporosis, possible subchondral bone destruction and presence of cartilage destruction, no joint deformity (may be limited ROM), adjacent muscle atrophy, possible presence of extra-articular soft tissue lesions

A

stage II, moderate

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74
Q

RA progression with radiographic evidence of osteoporosis, cartilage and bone destruction, joint deformity, extensive muscle atrophy, possible presence of extra-articular soft-tissue lesions

A

stage III, severe

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75
Q

RA progression with fibrous or bone ankylosis in addition to severe signs

A

stage IV, terminal

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76
Q

ROM exercises appropriate during acute flare up of RA to prevent stress on inflamed joints

A

PROM

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77
Q

strengthening exercises appropriate during acute flare ups of RA

A

isometric exercises with pain free exertion

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78
Q

bone of the hand and wrist from distal to proximal and ulnar to radial side

A

distal: hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium
proximal: pisiform, lunate, triquetrum, scaphoid

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79
Q

large muscles that originate from the lateral epicondyle

A

aconeous
brachioradialis
supinator

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80
Q

large muscle that originates from the medial epicondyle

A

pronator teres

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81
Q

main arteries supplying blood to the hand and wrist

A

radial and ulnar arteries

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82
Q

main arteries supplying the forearm and upper arm

A

brachial and brachiocephalic arteries

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83
Q

large muscles of the forearm and upper arm (7)

A 
deltoid
triceps
aconeus
biceps
brachii
brachialis
brachioradialis
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84
Q

sensory receptor in the hand responsible for vibration

A

pacinian corpuscles

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85
Q

sensory receptor in the hand responsible for tension

A

ruffini end organs

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86
Q

sensory receptor in the hand responsible for pressure

A

Merkel cells

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87
Q

Allen’s test is used to assess

A

vascular function

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88
Q

Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing is typically use for

A

nerve compression

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89
Q

two-point discrimination is typically used for

A

nerve laceration

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90
Q

outcome measure for UE dysfunction

A

quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire (Quick DASH)

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91
Q

the most common carpal fracture seen and missed in injuries to the wrist can lead to poor blood supply and become necrotic

A

scaphoid fracture

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92
Q

fractures of the _______ are assosciated with Keinbocks disease (no blood suppply)

A

lunate fracture

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93
Q

injury that occurs when the tendon separates from the bone and its insertion and removes bone material with the tendon

A

avulsion injury

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94
Q

avulsion of the terminal tendon and treatment

A

mallet finger

splint in full extension for 6 weeks

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95
Q

disruption of the central slip of extensor tendon characterized by PIP flexion and DIP hyperextension and treatment

A

boutonniere deformity

PIP splinted in extension with isolated DIP flexion exercises

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96
Q

injury to the MCP, PIP, or DIP joint characterized by PIP hyperextension and DIP flexion and treatment

A

swan neck deformity

PIP splinted in slight flexioin

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97
Q

3 common phases of fracture healing

A

inflammation
repair (callus/stabilization)
remodeling (deposits bone)

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98
Q

PAMS for pain relief and tissue healing

A 
heat
ultrasound
cryotherapy
parrafin
TENS
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99
Q

when does controlled AROM being after a hand fracture if the fixation is stable

A

3-6 weeks

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100
Q

complete fracture of the distal radius with dorsal displacement; most common type of wrist fracture

A

colles fracture

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101
Q

complete fracture of the distal radius with palmar displacement

A

smith’s fracture

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102
Q

fracture of the first metacarpal base

A

Bennet’s fracture

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103
Q

primary treatment for CRPS

A

stress loading

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104
Q

how can a type I non displaced radial head fracture be treated

A

long arm splint

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105
Q

how can a type II single fragment displacement of a radial head fracture be treated

A

nonoperative with immobilization for 2-3 weeks

early motion with medical clearance

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106
Q

how can a type III comminuted radial head fracture be treated

A

operatively with immobilization and early motion within first postoperative week as medically prescribed (cast)

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107
Q

what kind of orthotic can be used for a non displace proximal humeral fracture

A

humeral fracture brace

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108
Q

when can ROM begin for a non operative proximal humeral fracture as medically prescribed

A

2 weeks

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109
Q

an aggressive stretching ROM protocol can being how long after the fracture as prescribed by the physician

A

4-6 weeks

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110
Q

how long is a sling used for comfort and sleeping as needed at home for a proximal humeral fracture

A

6 weeks

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111
Q

CRPS developed after a noxious event

A

Type I CRPS

112
Q

CRPS developed after a nerve injury

A

Type II CRPS

113
Q

sensation misinterpreted as pain

A

allodynia

114
Q

increased response to painful stimuli

A

hyperalgia

115
Q

pain that continues after the stimuli is removed

A

hyperpathia

116
Q

PAMS indicated for CRPS

A

TENS (pain), contrast baths (edema), fluidotherapy (desensitization)

117
Q

description of cumulative trauma disorder characterized by pain after activity that resolves quickly

A

grade I

118
Q

description of cumulative trauma disorder characterized by pain during activity that resolves when the activity is stopped

A

grade II

119
Q

description of cumulative trauma disorder characterized by pain that persists after activity, affects work productivity, and includes objective weakness and sensory loss

A

grade III

120
Q

description of cumulative trauma disorder characterized by use of extremity resulting in pain up to 75% of the time with work being limited

A

grade IV

121
Q

description of cumulative trauma disorder characterized by unrelenting pain and inability to work

A

grade V

122
Q

goal of acute intervention for cumulative trauma disorders

A

reduce pain and inflammation

123
Q

center the extensor tendons over the MCP joint

A

sagittal bands

124
Q

when can modalities be used for extensor tendon repair

A

once cleared by the prescribing physician

125
Q

when is strengthening typically initiated after a tendon repair

A

8-12 weeks after surgery

126
Q

describe flexor zone I

A

fingertip to center of middle phalanx

127
Q

describe flexor zone II

A

middle phalanx to distal palmar crease

no mans land

128
Q

why is flexor zone II referred to as no mans land

A

difficulty of tendon gliding without scarring surrounding tissues

129
Q

describe flexor zone III

A

distal palmar crease to transverse carpal ligament

130
Q

describe flexor zone IV

A

lies over the transverse carpal ligament

131
Q

describe flexor zone V

A

extends beyond the wrist

132
Q

protocol for flexor injuries that calls for an early passive ROM program

A

Duran protocol

133
Q

protocol for flexor injuries that calls for active extension of digits with passive flexion via traction (rubber band)

A

Kleinert protocol

134
Q

when does an early active motion protocol begin for flexor tendon injuries to prevent adhesion and promote tendon gliding and excursion

A

within days of surgery

135
Q

protocol used for patients who are unable to care for themselves and do not have the cognitive capacity to ensure safety postoperatively for a flexor tendon injury; sometimes used with children; length

A

immobilization protocol; 6 weeks

136
Q

what kind of splint is used for a flexor tendon repair to prevent rupture

A

dorsal blocking splint with wrist flexed 30° and MCPs flexed 60°

137
Q

when is a repaired tendon at its weakest

A

10 to 12 days

138
Q

what modality is used to promote tendon excursion and activation after a tendon injury

A

neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)

139
Q

describe the sequence of tendon glides used to promote full tendon excursion, full ROM, and prevent adhesion

A

finger straight
MCPs flexed
hook fist
flat fist

140
Q

protocol for operative treatment of a radial nerve injury

A

static wrist extension splint (30°) 4 weeks

after 4 weeks, adjust splint to 10-20°

141
Q

non operative treatment of radial tunnel syndrome

A 
long arm splint: elbow flexion, supination, neutral wrist (2 weeks)
wrist cock up, A/P pronation/supination (2 more weeks)
hand strengthening (3 weeks)
resistive exercises (6 weeks)
142
Q

syndrome resulting in motor loss of flexor digitorum longus, flexor profundus to the index finger, and pronator quadratus

A

anterior interosseous syndrome

143
Q

non operative treatment of pronator syndrome

A

elbow splinted in 90-100° flexion with neutral forearm

gentle prolonged stretching

144
Q

operative treatment of pronator syndrome

A

half cast with AROM of UE joints with cast
muscle strengthening after 1 week
full AROM in 8 weeks

145
Q

non operative median nerve treatment

A

static thenar web spacer splint

146
Q

operative median nerve treatment

A

dorsal wrist blocking splint (4-6 weeks)
AROM/PROM for digits, tendon glides, scar massage
d/c splint after 6 weeks and start strengthening

147
Q

occurs when a peripheral nerve is entrapped in more than one location

A

double crush syndrome

148
Q

how long should the phalens test be administered to assess for carpal tunnel syndrome while looking for changes in sensation

A

1 minute

149
Q

timed test involving picking up, holding, manipulation, and identifying small objects; used with children and cognitively impaired adults to test median nerve function

A

Moberg PickupTest

150
Q

when should AROM of the wrist, thumb, and fingers be initiated after carpal tunnel surgery

A

1-2 days

151
Q

when can strengthening begin after carpal tunnel surgery

A

3-6 weeks

152
Q

nerve disorder characterized by decreased grip and pinch due to weak interossei, adductor pollicus, and flexor carpi ulnaris

A

cubital tunnel syndrome

153
Q

flexion of the IP of the thumb when a lateral pinch is attempted

A

Froment’s sign

154
Q

5th finger held abducted from the 4th finger

A

wartenberg’s sign

155
Q

the elbow flexion test where the elbow is flexed for 5 minutes with the wrist in neutral is used to elicit symptoms to test for what type of nerve injury

A

cuibtal tunnel syndrome

156
Q

non operative treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome

A

elbow splint in 30-60° flexion for 3 weeks

157
Q

operative treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome

A 
protection phase (1 day-3 weeks): elbow flexion splint 70-90°
active phase (3 weeks): d/c splint, elbow AROM
158
Q

progression of elbow AROM for operative cubital tunnel syndrome

A

pronation
supination
wrist ROM with elbow flexed
wrist ROM with elbow extended

159
Q

non operative treatment of de Quervain syndrome

A

forearm based thumb spica: wrist neutral thumb radially abducted (3 weeks)
after 3 weeks: soft splint and isometric exercise

160
Q

operative treatment of de Quervain syndrome

A

forearm based thumb spice: wrist 20° extended thumb radially abducted (3 weeks)
grip/pinch strengthening: 2 weeks

161
Q

result of distal ulnar nerve compression

A

claw deformity

162
Q

if sensory loss is present on the dorsal side of the hand injury with a claw deformity, the injury is ______to the Guyon’s canal

A

proximal

163
Q

hyperextension of the thumb MCP

A

Jeanne’s sign

164
Q

non operative treatment of claw deformity

A

ulnar nerve palsy/anticlaw splint with dynamic PIP extension

padded antivibration glove

165
Q

operative treatment of claw deformity

A

bulky dressing: 3-10 days
dorsal blocking splint: 20-30° wrist flexion and MCP block to 45° extension (adjust at 3-6 weeks to bring wrist to neutral)
d/c splint after 6 weeks
AROM at 6 weeks
sensory reeducation at 10-12 weeks (once protective sensation returned)

166
Q

non operative treatment of digital stenosing tenosynovitis (trigger finger)

A

splint MCP at 0° for 3-6 weeks

gentle PIP ROM x 20 every 2 hours

167
Q

operative treatment of digital stenosing tenosynovitis (trigger finger)

A

surgical release of A1 pully

168
Q

educating a client to visually compensate for sensory loss to and to avoid working with machinery at temperatures below 60°

A

protective reeducation

169
Q

educating a client to use motivation and repetition in a vision-tactile matching process in which clients identify objects with and without vision

A

discriminative reeducation

170
Q

applying different textures and tactile stimulation to reeducation the nervous system so clients can tolerate sensations during functional use of the UE

A

desensitization

171
Q

describe the process of sensory recovery

A

pain perception
vibration of 30 cycles per second
moving touch
constant touch

172
Q

cryotherapy (cold therapy) contraindications

A 
impaired circulation
peripheral vascular disease 
hypersensitivity to col
open wounds
infections
173
Q

thermotherapy (warm therapy) contraindications

A 
acute inflammation
edema
sensory impairment
cancer
blood clots 
infection
cardiac problems 
impaired cognition
174
Q

use of ultrasound to promote absorption of topically applied medication to accelerate tissue repair and decrease inflammation

A

phonophoresis

175
Q

contraindications for ultrasound

A 
pregnancy
over eyes
pacemaker
bleeding
infections
cance
over blod clots
over growth plate of bones in children
176
Q

precautions for ultrasound

A

inflammation
fractures
breast implants
clients with cognitive/language/sensory impairments

177
Q

electrical stimulation that promote wound healing, muscle mass maintenance, ROM, decreased edema, voluntary motor control, decreased spasms and spasticity and as an orthotic substitute

A

NMES

178
Q

electrical stimulation that primarily controls pain through 3 possible mechanisms: gate control, endorphin release, and acupuncture

A

TENS

179
Q

electrical stimulation that decreases inflammation and controls pain

A

iontophoresis

180
Q

contraindications for electrical stimulation

A

do not use over pacemarkers, carotid sinus, pregnant uterus, eyes
clients with epilepsy, cancer, infection, decrease sensation, cardiac disease, stroke

181
Q

precaution for iontophoresis

A

be aware of drug allergies

182
Q

contraindications for laser/light therapy

A

protective eye wear

do not use over vagus nerve, pregnant uterus, eyes, infection, endocrine glands, cancer

183
Q

describe the position of a resting hand splint

A

wrist: 20-30° extension
thumb: 45° palmar abduction
MCPs: 35-45° flexion
PIP/DIP: slight flexion

184
Q

describe the position of the antideformity resting hand splint

A

wrist: 30-40° extension
thumb: 45° palmar abduction
MCPs: 70-90° flexion
PIP/DIP: full extension

185
Q

ball of cone antispasticity splints involve _______ of the wrist

A

serial casting

186
Q

splint position for carpal tunnel syndrome

A

10° extension or neutral

187
Q

splint position for ulnar nerve at the wrist

A

block 4th and 5th MCPs to 30-45° flexion to prevent hyperextension

188
Q

splint position for anterior interosseous syndrome

A

forearm neutral, elbow flexed 90°

189
Q

splint position for radial tunnel syndrome

A

wrist: 30° extension
forearm supinated
elbow: 90° flexion

190
Q

dynamic splint conditions for correcting contractures

A

mechanical stretch of prolonged gentle pull over 8-12 hours

191
Q

wound is closed with sutures

A

primary wound closure

192
Q

wound is left open and allowed to close on its own

A

secondary wound closure

193
Q

wound is cleaned, derided, and observed 4-5 days before suturing it closed

A

delayed primary

194
Q

progression of wound healing phases

A

inflammatory
proliferative
remodeling

195
Q

how long does the acute phase and subacute phase of the inflammation stages of wound healing last

A

acute: 24/48 hours - 7 days
subacute: 7-14 days

196
Q

stage of wound healing where lactic and ascorbic acid stimulate fibroblasts to synthesized collagen, and cross linkage of collage increases the tensile strength of repaired skin to 80%; how long does it last

A 
proliferative phase (fibroplastic, granulation, epithelialization) 
5 days - 2/3 weeks
197
Q

resurfaces the wound

A

epithelialization

198
Q

forms new collagen and blood vesels

A

granulation

199
Q

which wounds heal quickest to slowest

A

linear
rectangular
circular

200
Q

how long does the remodeling phase of wound healing last

A

2 weeks - 1/2 years

201
Q

when do hypertrophic/keloid scars form

A

when collagen synthesis exceeds collagen lysis

202
Q

full ROM against gravity with moderate resistance

A

4

203
Q

full ROM against gravity with less than moderate resistance

A

4-

204
Q

full ROM against gravity with minimum resistance

A

3+

205
Q

full ROM against gravity with no resistance

A

3

206
Q

less than full ROM against gravity

A

3-

207
Q

full ROM in gravity eliminated with minimal resistance

A

2+

208
Q

full ROM in gravity eliminated with no resistance

A

2

209
Q

less than full ROM in gravity eliminated

A

2-

210
Q

acute edema is considered

A

pitting

211
Q

chronic edema is considered

A

brawny

212
Q

method for measuring edema of the hands

A

figure of 8 method

213
Q

significant change in edema would be

A

> 10 mm

214
Q

recognition of touch by common objects

A

stereognosis

215
Q

normal 2 point moving discrimination for the hands

A

2 mm

216
Q

dermatome location; muscles; function for CN V

A

anterior facial region
mastication
ingestion

217
Q

dermatome location; muscles; function for C3

A

neck region
sternocleidomastoid/upper trapezius
head control

218
Q

dermatome location; muscles; function for C4

A

upper shoulder region
trapezius (diaphragm)
head control

219
Q

dermatome location; muscles; function for C5

A

lateral aspect of shoulder
deltoid/biceps/ rhomboids
elbow flexion

220
Q

dermatome location; muscles; function for C6

A

thumb and radial forearm
extensor carpi radialis/biceps
shoulder abduction/wrist extension

221
Q

dermatome location; muscles; function for C7

A

middle finger
triceps and wrist/finger extensors
wrist flexion/finger extension

222
Q

dermatome location; muscles; function for C8

A

little finger/ulnar forearm
wrist/finger flexors
C8 finger flexion

223
Q

dermatome location; muscles; function for T1

A

axilla and proximal medial forearm
hand intrinsics
finger abduction/adduction

224
Q

dermatome location; muscles; function for T2-T12

A

thorax
intercostals
respiration

225
Q

dermatome location; muscles; function for T4-T6

A

nipple line
intercostals
respiration

226
Q

dermatome location; muscles; function for T11

A

mid chest region/lower rib
abdominal wall/muscles
T5-T7 superficial abdominal reflex

227
Q

dermatome location; muscles; function for T10

A

umbilicus
psoas, iliacus
leg flexion

228
Q

dermatome location; muscles; function for L1-L2

A

inside of thigh
cremastueric reflex/accessory muscles
scrotum elevation

229
Q

dermatome location; muscles; function for L2

A

proximal anterior thigh
iliopsoas, thigh adductors
reflex voiding

230
Q

dermatome location; muscles; function for L3-L4

A

anterior knee
quadriceps, tibialis anterior, detrusor urinae
hip flexion, knee extension, thigh abduction

231
Q

dermatome location; muscles; function for L5

A

great toe
lateral hamstrings
knee flexion, toe extension

232
Q

dermatome location; muscles; function for L5-S1

A

foot region
gastrocnemius, soleus, extensor digitorum longus
flexor withdrawal/urinary retention

233
Q

dermatome location; muscles; function for

A

narrow band of posterior thigh
small muscles of foot (flexor digitorum/hallucis)
bladder retention

234
Q

test of hand function including 7 subtests with score based on time (writing, page turning, picking up objects, simulated feeding, stacking, picking up large objects, picking up heavy objects)

A

Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test

235
Q

assessment of client perception of unilateral and bilateral functional activity; includes pain perception, ability to participate, and appearance

A

Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire

236
Q

describe differential tendon gliding exercises

A 
straight
hook first
fist 
table top
straight fist
237
Q

overstretching can sometimes result in

A

heteroptrophic ossificans

238
Q

what kind of strengthening is contraindicated for an individual with hypertension and cardiovascular issues

A

isometrics

239
Q

for what condition would you want to avoid extreme elevated positioning above the heart

A

R sided heart weakness- fluid can empty into heart too fast

240
Q

contraindications for contrast bath

A 
infections
vascular/circulation damage
blood clots
unstable fractures
CHF
cardiac edema
241
Q

what kind of splint should be used for a brachial plexus injury

A

flail arm splint for positioning

242
Q

what kind of splint would you use for a combined median and ulnar nerve injury

A

figure of 8 splint or lumbrical bar

243
Q

splint for ulnar collateral ligament (UCL)/skiers thumb injury

A

hand-based thumb splint

244
Q

continuous ultrasound has _______properties

A

thermal

245
Q

pulsed ultrasound has _________properties

A

non-thermal

246
Q

which muscles are responsible for finger adduction (and innervation)

A

palmar interossei; ulnar nn

247
Q

which muscles are responsible for finger abduction (and innervation)

A

dorsal interossei; ulnar nn

248
Q

what are the lumbricals responsible for (and innervation)

A

MCP flexion and IP extension
D2-D3: median
D4-D5: ulnar

249
Q

what innervates the flexor digitorum profundus and what is it responsible for

A

median nerve: DIP flexion D2/D3

ulnar nerve: DIP flexion D4/D5

250
Q

what nerve is responsible for forearm pronation

A

median nn

251
Q

what nerve is responsible for forearm supination

A

radial nn

252
Q

what is the difference between the function of the biceps and brachialis (and what innervates them)

A

biceps: elbow flexion with supinated forearm
brachialis: elbow flexion with pronated forearm
musculocutaneous nn

253
Q

what innervates the brachioradialis

A

radial nn

254
Q

what is the aconeus responsible for

A

elbow extension

255
Q

what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles and what are their functions

A

subscapularis: internal rotation
supraspinatus: abduction/flexion
infraspinaturs: external rotation
teres minor: external rotation

256
Q

what muscles flex the shoulder

A

anterior deltoid
coracobrachialis
supraspinatus

257
Q

what muscles abduct the shoulder

A

middle deltoid

supraspinatus

258
Q

what muscles horizontally abduct the shoulder

A

posterior deltoid

259
Q

what muscles horizontally adduct the shoulders

A

pectoralis major

260
Q

what muscles extend the shoulder

A

latissimus dorsi
teres major
posterior deltoid

261
Q

what muscles upwardly rotate the scapula

A

trapezius (CN XI), serrratus anterior

262
Q

what muscles downwardly rotate the scapula

A

levator scapulae (C4-C4), rhomboids, serratus anterior, latissimus dorsi

263
Q

what muscles adduct the scapula

A

middle trapezius and rhomboid major

264
Q

what muscles abduct the scapula

A

serratus anterior

265
Q

what muscles elevate the scapula

A

upper trapezius and levator scapulae

266
Q

what muscles depress the scapula

A

lower trapezius

267
Q

splint for Dupytren’s disease

A

hand based extension splint worn at all times except for ROM and bathing (ideally full extension)

268
Q

functional treatment for Dupytren’s disease

A

occupations that emphasize flexion (grip) and extension (release)

269
Q

conservative treatment of skier thumb

A

splint 4-6 weeks

AROM/pinch strength at 6 weeks

270
Q

post-operative treatment for skiers thumb

A

thumb splint 6 weeks
AROM
PROM week 8
strengthening week 10

271
Q

can be seen with a high median nerve injury when asked to make a fist

A

sign of benediction

272
Q

partial head replacement of femoral head

A

Austin Moore

273
Q

what is the most commonly used medication for iontophoresis due to it’s antiinflammatory properties

A

dexamethasone

274
Q

if a tendon injury is proximal to the juncturae tendinum, what fingers need to be included in the splint

A

forearm based with middle, ring, and index

275
Q

at what point should iontophoresis be discontinued

A

after 4-6 visits if 50% relief is not obtained

NBCOT (12 decks)

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