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Biology 201 and 202 Vocab > Chapter 22: Lymphatic System and Immunity > Flashcards

Chapter 22: Lymphatic System and Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Adenitis

A

Inflammation of the adenoid (pharyngeal tonsil).

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2
Q

Allograft

A

Transplant between compatible recipient and donor of the same species.

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3
Q

Autograft

A

A transplant of tissue that is taken from the same person.

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4
Q

Burkitt Lymphoma

A

A malignant cancer of B lymphocytes.

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5
Q

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

A

A complicated disorder most often characterized by extreme fatigue that does not improve with rest, and which may worsen with physical activity.

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6
Q

Congenital Thymic Aplasia

A

Congenital (present at birth) absence of the thymus and parathyroid glands and a deficiency of immunity.

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7
Q

Coombs Test

A

A medical test to detect antibodies or complement in the blood.

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8
Q

Dermatomyositis

A

An autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the skin and muscles.

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9
Q

Eczema

A

A genetic inflammatory skin disorder, often with crusts, papules, and leaky eruptions.

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10
Q

Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

A malignant lymphoma affecting lymph nodes and lymph organs.

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11
Q

Host Versus Graft Disease

A

A pathological condition in which cells from the transplanted tissue of a donor initiate an immune response, attacking the cells and tissue of the recipient.

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12
Q

Hybridoma

A

A tissue culture composed of cancer cells fused to lymphocytes to mass produce a specific antibody.

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13
Q

Immunology

A

Branch of biomedicine concerned with the structure and function of the immune system.

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14
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis

A

An acute disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, producing fever, swelling of the lymph nodes, sore throat, and increased lymphocytes in the bloodstream.

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15
Q

Latex Allergy

A

Hypersensitivity to products made of the sap of the rubber plant.

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16
Q

Polymyositis

A

An autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and atrophy of muscles.

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17
Q

Sentinel Node

A

The first lymph node to receive drainage from a tumor. It is used to determine if there is lymphatic metastasis in some types of cancer.

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18
Q

Splenomegaly

A

Enlargement of the spleen.

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19
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

A

An autoimmune disease in which a person’s immune system attacks and injures its own organs and tissues in virtually every system of the body.

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20
Q

Xenograft

A

A transplant that is made between two different species.

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21
Q

Abscess

A

A localized collection of pus within a damaged tissue.

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22
Q

Adhesion

A

The fusion of two mesenterial layers after damage or irritation of their opposing surfaces; this process restrict relative movement of the organs involved; the binding of a phagocyte to its target.

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23
Q

Agglutination

A

The aggregation of red blood cells due to interactions between surface antigens and plasma antibodies.

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24
Q

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)

A

A disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); characterized by the destruction of helper T cells and a resulting severe impairment of the immune response.

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25
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

A hypersensitivity reaction due to the binding of antigens to immunoglobulins (IgE) on the surfaces of mast cells; the release of histamine serotonin, and prostaglandins by mast cells then causes widespread inflammation; a sudden decrease in blood pressure may occur, producing anaphylactic shock.

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26
Q

Antibody

A

A globular protein produced by plasma cells that will bind to specific antigens and promote their destruction or removal form the body.

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27
Q

Antigen-Antibody Complex

A

The combination of an antigen and a specific antibody.

28
Q

Antigenic Determinant Sites

A

A region of an antigen that can interact with an antibody molecule.

29
Q

Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs)

A

A cell that processes antigens and displays them, bound to class II MHC proteins; essential to the initiation of a normal immune response.

30
Q

Antigen

A

A substance capable of inducing an immune response that may include the production of antibodies.

31
Q

Antihistamine

A

A chemical that blocks the action of histamine on peripheral tissues.

32
Q

Autoantibodies

A

Antibodies that react with antigens on the surfaces of a person’s own cells and tissues.

33
Q

B Cells

A

Lymphocytes capable of differentiating into plasms cells, which produce antibodies.

34
Q

Cell-Mediated Immunity

A

Resistance to disease by sensitized T cells that destroy antigen-bearing cells by direct contact or through the release of lymphotoxins; also called cellular immunity.

35
Q

Chemotaxis

A

The attraction of phagocytic cells to the source of abnormal chemicals in tissue fluids.

36
Q

Complement System

A

A group of distinct plasma proteins that interact in a chain reaction after exposure to activated antibodies or the surfaces of certain pathogens; complement proteins promote cell lysis, phagocytosis, and other defense mechanisms.

37
Q

Germinal Center

A

Pale regions in the interior of lymphoid tissues or lymphoid nodules, where cell divisions occur that produce additional lymphocytes.

38
Q

Helper T Cells

A

Lymphocytes whose secretions and other activities coordinate cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunities; also called Th cells.

39
Q

Hilum

A

A localized region where blood vessels lymphatic vessels, nerves, and/or other anatomical structures are attached to an organ.

40
Q

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

A

The infectious agent that causes acquired immunodeficiency of the mammary glands.

41
Q

Immunity

A

Resistance to infection and disease caused by foreign substances, toxins, or pathogens.

42
Q

Immunoglobulin (Ig)

A

A circulating antibody.

43
Q

Inflammation

A

A nonspecific defense mechanism that operates at the tissue level; characterized by swelling, redness, heat (warmth), pain, and sometimes loss of function.

44
Q

Interferons (IFNs)

A

Peptides released by virus-infected cells, especially lymphocytes, that slow viral replication and make other cells more resistant to viral infection.

45
Q

Lobules

A

Histologically, the basic organization unit of the liver.

46
Q

Lymph Nodes

A

Lymphoid organs that monitor the composition of lymph.

47
Q

Lymph

A

The fluid contents of lymphatic vessels, similar in composition to interstitial fluid.

48
Q

Lymphedema

A

Swelling as a result of lymphatic vessel obstruction.

49
Q

Lymphocyte

A

A cell of the lymphatic system that plays a role in the immune response.

50
Q

Lymphotoxin

A

A secretion of lymphocytes that kills the target cells.

51
Q

Macrophages

A

A phagocytic cell of the monocyte-macrophage system.

52
Q

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Protein

A

A surface antigen that is important to the recognition of foreign antigens and that plays a role in the coordination and activation of the immune response; also called major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein or human leukocyte antigen (HLA).

53
Q

Medulla

A

The inner layer or core of an organ.

54
Q

Memory T Cells

A

T lymphocytes that provide immunologic memory, enabling an enhanced immune response when reexposed to a specific antigen.

55
Q

Memory

A

The ability to recall information or sensations; can be divided into short-term and long-term memories.

56
Q

Microphages

A

Neutrophils and eosinophils.

57
Q

Necrosis

A

The death of cells or tissues from disease or injury.

58
Q

Opsonization

A

An effect of coating an object with antibodies; the attraction and enhancement of phagocytosis.

59
Q

Pathogen

A

A disease-causing organism.

60
Q

Phagocytes

A

A cell that performs phagocytosis.

61
Q

Plasma Cells

A

An activated B cell that secretes antibodies.

62
Q

Regulatory T Cells

A

Population of T lymphocytes that suppress the immune response.

63
Q

Spleen

A

A lymphoid organ important for the phagocytosis of red blood cells, the immune response, and lymphocyte production.

64
Q

T Cells

A

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity and for the coordination and regulation of the immune response; includes cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, regulatory T cells, and memory T cells.

65
Q

Thymus

A

A lymphoid organ, the site of T cell development and maturation.

66
Q

Tonsils

A

A lymphoid nodule in the wall of the pharynx; the palatine, pharyngeal, and lingual tonsils.

67
Q

Trabeculae

A

A connective tissue partition that subdivides an organ.

Biology 201 and 202 Vocab (29 decks)

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