Chapter 29: Development and Inheritance Flashcards
Eclampsia
A condition in which one or more convulsions occur in a pregnant woman suffering from high blood pressure, often followed by coma and posing a threat to the health of mother and baby.
Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)
An assisted reproductive procedure in which a woman’s eggs are removed, mixed with sperm, and replaced into the woman’s uterine tube where the fertilization takes place, rather than in the laboratory.
In Vitro Fertilization
Fertilization outside the body, generally in a Petri dish.
Infertility
The inability to achieve pregnancy after engaging in 1 year of appropriately timed intercourse.
Neural Tube Defects (NTDs)
Major birth defects caused by an abnormal development of the neural tube—the structure present during the embryonic stage that later becomes the CNS. These are very common birth defects that cause infant mortality and disability and include anencephaly and spina bifida.
Placenta Abruptio
Condition in which there is separation of the placenta from the uterine site of implantation before delivery of the baby.
Placenta Previa
Condition during pregnancy in which the placenta is abnormally placed so as to totally or partially cover the cervix.
Pre-eclampsia
Condition during pregnancy characterized by sudden HTN, albuminuria, and edema of the hands, feet, and face. It is the most common complication of pregnancy, affecting about 5% of pregnancies.
Therapeutic Cloning
A procedure that usually takes skin cells form a patient, and inserts a skin cell nucleus into the fertilized egg whose nucleus has been removed to create a new cell. That new cell divides repeatedly to form a blastocyst from which stem cells can be extracted to grow new tissue that is genetically matched to the patient.
Abortion
The premature loss or expulsion of an embryo or fetus.
Amnion
One of the four extra-embryonic membranes; surrounds the developing embryo or fetus.
Amniotic Fluid
Fluid that fills the amnitotic cavity; cushions and supports the embryo or fetus.
Autosomes
A chromosomes other than the X or Y sex chromosomes.
Chorion
An extra-embryonic membrane, consisting of the trophoblast and underlying mesoderm, that forms the placenta.
Chromosomes
Dense structures, composed of tightly coiled DNA strands and associated histones, that become visible in the nucleus when a cell prepares to undergo mitosis or meiosis; normal human somatic cells each contain 46 chromosomes.
Differentiation
The gradual appearance of characteristic cellular specializations during development as the result of gene activation or repression.
Down Syndrome
A genetic abnormality resulting from the presence of three copies of chromosome 21; people with this condition have characteristic physical and intellectual deficits; also called Trisomy.
Ectoderm
One of the three primary germ layers; covers the surface of the embryo and gives rise to the nervous system, the epidermis and associated glands, and a variety of other structures.
Ectopic Pregnancy
Outside the normal location, pregnancy.
Embryo
The development stage beginning at fertilization and ending at the start of the third development.
