2: Back Arthrology Flashcards
Whiplash is caused by what motion of the neck?
Hyperextension
What ligament is stretched or even torn in whiplash?
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Anterior longitudinal ligament role in fracture healing
After a fracture, patient should be kept in hyperextension so the anterior longitudinal L can “splint” the vertebral column, realigning fragments of bone to allow proper healing
What direction does herneation of the nucleus pulposus occur, and why?
Posterolaterally; annulus fibrosis has no support from anterior/posterior longitudinal ligaments there
Two most common spots for disc herneation and why
L4/L5 & L5/S1; because the discs are larger and more mobile here
The second number rule for vertebral prolapse
In the C and L regions, the vertebral level at which a prolapse occurs will affect the spinal nerve number of the second vertebra
Why does the second number rule apply to cervical vertebrae?
Because there are 8 spinal nerves in the C region, so they are distributed number-wise differently than the other vertebral segments
Why does the second number rule apply to the lumbar spine?
Because the spinal nerve exits the vertebral canal superior to the intervertebral disc in L spine
C1-C2 joint type; vs joint type for the rest of the intervertebral joints
Compound synovial: planar + trochoid
Rest of intervertebral joints: symphysis
Where are the zygopophyseal joints?
Between superior and inferior articular facets
What type of joint are the zygopophyseal joints?
Planar synovial
What does anterior longitudinal ligament become in the cervical region?
Anterior Atlantooccipital membrane
What does the posterior longitudinal ligament become in C spine?
Tectorial membrane
What does the ligamentum flavum become in C spine?
Posterior atlantooccipital ligament
What does the supraspinous ligament become in the c spine?
Ligamentum nuchae
