Chapter 17: Fluids and Electrolytes- Hypernatremia Flashcards
1
Q
What is the normal range for sodium level?
A
135 to 145 mEq/L
2
Q
What are the surgical causes?
A
- Inadequate hydration
- diabetes insipidus
- diuresis
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- diaphoresis
- tachypnea
- iatrogenic (e.g., TPN)
3
Q
What are the signs/symptoms?
A
Seizures, confusion, stupor, pulmonary or peripheral edema, tremors, respiratory paralysis
4
Q
What is the usual treatment supplementation slowly over days?
A
D5W, 1/4 NS, or 1/2 NS
5
Q
How fast should you lower the sodium level in hypernatremia?
A
Guideline is <12 mEq/L per day
6
Q
What is the major complication of lowering the sodium level too fast?
A
Seizures due to cerebral edema (not central pontine myelinolysis)
