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MSK Exam 1 > 16: Foot And Ankle > Flashcards

16: Foot And Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

Plantar aponeurosis

A

Central longitudinal thickening of plantar fascia that divides into five bands that enclose digit tendons

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2
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A

Plantar aponeurosis inflammation at calcaneus

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3
Q

What can plantar fasciitis cause?

A

Heel spurs, esp. on medial calcaneal tubercle

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4
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis insertion

A

Phalanges 2-4 MP joints

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5
Q

The two dorsal foot muscles form a fleshy mass where?

A

Lateral dorsum, anterior to lateral malleolus

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6
Q

Dorsal foot innervation vs plantar foot innervation

A

Dorsum: deep fibular N
Plantar: medial and lateral plantar nerves

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7
Q

Plantar layer 1 muscles

A

Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis

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8
Q

Plantar layer 2 muscles

A

Quadratus plantae, lumbricals

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9
Q

Tendons in layer 2 and layer 4

A

Layer 2: FHL, FDL

Layer 4: tibialis posterior, fibularis longus

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10
Q

Quadratus plantae function

A

Joins FDL tendons to calcaneus, assisting FDL in flexing the lateral four digits

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11
Q

What forms the medial aspect of the extensor expansion?

A

Lumbricals

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12
Q

Lumbrical origin

A

FDL tendon

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13
Q

Lumbrical action

A

Flexes MP joint, extend PIP and DIP joints

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14
Q

Which muscle’s tendons have sesamoid bones in them?

A

Flexor hallucis brevis

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15
Q

Purpose of sesamoid bones in food

A

Protect 1st metatarsal head and tendon of FHL when staining and walking

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16
Q

Which is the ghost muscle in layer three that “doesn’t really exist”

A

Opponens digiti minimi

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17
Q

Plantar interossei action

A

Adduct digits 2,3,4, away from midline of 2nd

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18
Q

Dorsal interossei action

A

Abduct digits 2,3,4 away from midline of 2nd digit

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19
Q

Hallux valgus

A

Lateral deviation of great toe -> swelling and pressure that can cause a bursa called a bunion

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20
Q

Corns

A

Inflamed area of thick skin over proximal interphalangeal joints

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21
Q

What causes mallet toe, hammer toe, claw toe, and trigger toe deformities?

A

Shortened flexor muscles

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22
Q

Which toes are involved in mallet, hammer, claw, and trigger toe?

A

Mallet/hammer/claw: lateral four toes

Trigger: large toe

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23
Q

Mallet toe

A

Flexion of DIP

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24
Q

Hammer toe

A

Extension at MP joint + flexion at PIP

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25
Q

Claw toe

A

Extension at MP joint + flexion at PIP and DIP

26
Q

Trigger toe

A

Extended MP, flexion at IPs

27
Q

What nerve forms the medial and lateral plantar N’s

A

Tibial N

28
Q

Medial plantar N path

A

Deep to abductor hallucis -> anterior between abductor hallucis + flexor digitorum brevis

29
Q

Medial plantar N termination

A

Into four sensory branches near metatarsal bases

30
Q

Four muscles innervated by medial plantar N (rest of plantar foot innervated by lateral plantar N)

A
  1. Abductor hallucis
  2. Flexor digitorum brevis
  3. Medial-most lumbrical
  4. Flexor hallucis brevis
31
Q

Lateral plantar N path

A

Deep to abductor hallucis -> anterolaterally deep to flexor digitorum brevis

32
Q

Termination of lateral plantar N

A

Superficial + deep branches

33
Q

Five nerves that innervate the cutaneous foot and the area they innervate

A
  1. Deep fibular N: small area between 1st and 2nd digits
  2. Superficial fibular N: rest of dorsum
  3. Sural N branches: lateral foot
  4. Medial plantar N: medial plantar
  5. Lateral plantar N: lateral plantar
34
Q

Which two arteries in the dorsal and plantar foot meet to form the plantar arch?

A

Deep plantar A + lateral plantar A

35
Q

Where does the posterior tibial A divide into medial and lateral plantar A’s?

A

Deep to abductor hallucis

36
Q

What does the lateral plantar A run with?

A

Lateral plantar N

37
Q

Medial ankle ligament

A

Deltoid ligament

38
Q

Four parts of the deltoid ligament

A
  1. Anterior tibiotalar
  2. Tibionavicular
  3. Tibocalcaneal
  4. Posterior tibiotalar
39
Q

Medial ankle ligament A

A

Stabilizes ankle during eversion

40
Q

Three lateral ligaments of the ankle

A
  1. Posterior tibiofibular
  2. Anterior tibiofibular
  3. Anterior talofibular
41
Q

Two ligaments that make up the tibiofibular syndesmosis

A

Anterior tibiofibular + posterior tibiofibular L

42
Q

Which ligaments are involved in high ankle sprains

A

Lateral ligaments

43
Q

The ankle joint: other name + bones involved

A

Talocrural joint; tibia, fibula, talus

44
Q

When is the malleoli grip on trochlea of talus the strongest?

A

During dorsiflexion

45
Q

Talocrural joint type

A

Hinge synovial joint

46
Q

Only movement allowed in talocrural joint

A

Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion

47
Q

Transverse tarsal joint: two joint components

A

Calcaneocuboid + talonavicular joints

48
Q

What motion does the transverse tarsal joint add to?

A

Inversion/eversion

49
Q

Where is a standard transection for a surgical foot amputation

A

Transverse tarsal joint

50
Q

Subtalar joint other name

A

Talocalcaneal joint

51
Q

Main movement of subtalar joint

A

Inversion/eversion

52
Q

What ligament supports the subtalar joint?

A

Interosseous talocalcaneal L

53
Q

What action causes almost all ankle sprainns?

A

Inversion

54
Q

Functions of the foot arches

A

Absorb shock during weight bearing, make foot adaptable to surface and weight changes

55
Q

Three major ligaments that stabilize the arches of the foot

A
  1. Spring (plantar calcaneonavicular L)
  2. Long plantar L
  3. Shot plantar L
56
Q

Four muscles that stabilize the medial portion of the longitudinal arch

A
  1. FHL
  2. FDL
  3. Tibialis posterior
  4. Tibialis anterior
57
Q

Two major stabilizers of the transverse arch

A
  1. Adductor hallucis

2. Transverse ligaments

58
Q

Difference between stabilizers of the forefoot vs of the metatarsus and tarsus

A

Forefoot: passive stabilizers only

Metatarsus and tarsus: active stabilizers only

59
Q

Pes transversoplanus

A

Loss of transverse arch

60
Q

Pes planus

A

Loss of longitudinal arch (usually medial portion) -> flat feet

61
Q

What two things become abnormally stretched in pes planus

A

Plantar L’s + plantar aponeurosis

MSK Exam 1 (25 decks)

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