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Milady Study Guide > Chpt. 10 - Basics Of Chemistry > Flashcards

Chpt. 10 - Basics Of Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

ACIDS?

A

Solutions that have a pH below 7.0, and turn litmus paper from blue to red.

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2
Q

ALKALIS?

A

Solutions that have a pH above 7.0 and turn litmus paper from red to blue.

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3
Q

ALKANOLAMINES?

A

Substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products.

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4
Q

AMMONIA?

A

Colorless gas with a pungent odor. Composed of hydrogen and nitrogen.

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5
Q

ANION?

A

An ion with a negative electrical charge.

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6
Q

ATOM?

A

Smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of that element.

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7
Q

CATION?

A

An Ion with a positive electrical charge.

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8
Q

CHEMICAL CHANGE?

A

Change in the chemical and physical properties of a substance due to a chemical reaction that creates a new substance or substances.

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9
Q

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES?

A

Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance.

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10
Q

CHEMISTRY?

A

Science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter, and how matter changes under various conditions.

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11
Q

COMBUSTION?

A

Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light.

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12
Q

COMPOUNDS?

A

Combinations of two or more atoms of different elements chemically joined together.

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13
Q

ELEMENT?

A

The simplest form of matter; it cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity.

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14
Q

ELEMENTAL MOLECULES?

A

A chemical combination of atoms of the same element.

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15
Q

EMULSION?

A

An unstable mixture of two or more immiscible substances united with the aid of an emulsifier.

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16
Q

EXOTHERMIC?

A

Chemical reactions that produce heat.

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17
Q

GLYCERIN?

A

Sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and moisturizer in skin and body creams.

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18
Q

HYDROPHILIC?

A

Water loving.

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19
Q

IMMISCIBLE?

A

Not capable of being mixed.

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20
Q

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY?

A

Study of substances that do not contain carbon.

21
Q

ION?

A

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge.

22
Q

IONIZATION?

A

Separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions.

23
Q

LIPOPHILIC?

A

Oil loving.

24
Q

LOGARITHM?

A

Multiples of ten.

25
Q

MATTER?

A

Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight).

26
Q

MISCIBLE?

A

Capable of being mixed with another liquid in any proportion without separating.

27
Q

MOLECULE?

A

A chemical combination of two or more atoms.

28
Q

OIL-IN-WATER EMULSION? (O/W)

A

Oil droplets emulsified in water.

29
Q

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY?

A

Study of substances that contain carbon.

30
Q

OXIDATION?

A

A chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide.

31
Q

OXIDIZING AGENT?

A

Substance that releases oxygen.

32
Q

pH SCALE?

A

Measure the acidity and alkalinity of a substance.

33
Q

PHYSICAL CHANGE?

A

Change in the form or physical properties of a substance without the formation of a new substance.

34
Q

PHYSICAL MIXTURE?

A

Physical combination of matter, in any proportion.

35
Q

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES?

A

Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the substance.

36
Q

PURE SUBSTANCE?

A

Chemical combination of matter in definite proportions.

37
Q

REDOX?

A

Contraction for reduction-oxidation; chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized.

38
Q

REDUCED?

A

To subtract oxygen from or add hydrogen to a substance.

39
Q

REDUCTION?

A

The chemical reaction of subtracting oxygen from, or adding hydrogen to, a substance.

40
Q

SILIICONES?

A

Special type of oil used in hair conditioners and as water-resistant lubricants for the skin.

41
Q

SOLUTE?

A

Substance that is dissolved in a solution.

42
Q

SOLUTION?

A

Stable mixture or two or more mixable substances.

43
Q

SOLVENT?

A

Substance that dissolves the solute to form a solution.

44
Q

SURFACTANTS?

A

Surface active agents; substances that act as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify.

45
Q

SUSPENSION?

A

Unstable mixture of undissolved particles in a liquid.

46
Q

VOLATILE?

A

Easily evaporating.

47
Q

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS? (VOCs)

A

Substances containing carbon that evaporate quickly and easily.

48
Q

WATER-IN-OIL EMULSION? (W/O)

A

Water droplets emulsified in oil.

Milady Study Guide (25 decks)

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