Jan 7 2021 Flashcards
types of pleural effusion?
transudative and exudative
Lights criteria for an exudative effusion
One of:
- Pleural fluid protein/serum ratio >0.5
- Pleural fluid LDH > serum ratio > 0.6
- Pleural fluid LDH > 2/3 the upper limit of normal for serum LDH
is tympanic membrane erythema alone enough to warrant antibiotics?
no - not diagnostic of acute otitis media
shape of cysteine stone?
hexagonal
the absorption of which amino acids are impaired in cystinuria?
cystine, ornithine, arginine, lysine
what does a cyanide-nitroprusside test indicate?
whether there is elevated levels of cystine in the urine
path of common variable immunodeficiency?
-the inability of B cells to mature into plasma cells leading to low antibodies and reccurrent infection
treatment of CVID?
immunoglobulin replacement
most common cause of community-aquired bacterial meningitis?
strep pneumonia
conventional beta blockers are associated with increased risk of..
type II diabetes
how do conventional beta blockers lead to increased risk of diabetes?
by blocking beta-effects, alpha effects are unopposed. Alpha 1 vasoconstriction decreases glucose uptake into muscles - > increased glucose and icnreased insulin secretion
do all beta blockeres increase risk of diabetes?
No - some beta blcokers (carvedilol, labetolol) also block alpha effects
SCREENING and CONFIRMATORY antibodies in SLE?
screening: ANA
confirmatory: anti-ds DNA
which enzyme breaks down bradykinin?
ACE
presentation of anti-cholinergic toxicity?
confusion, tachycardia, temperature elevations, pupillary dilations, etc.
