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BIO253 > Pneumonia > Flashcards

Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

pneumonia (aka “pneumonitis”)

A
  • inflm within the lung
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2
Q

infectious or non-infectious

A

both

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3
Q

infectious classification subtypes

A
  • pneumococcal pneumonia (most common aka “typical pneumonia”)
  • community acquired
  • nosocomial (hospital-acquired)
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4
Q

typical pneumonia

A

caused by bacterial infection

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5
Q

atypical pneumonia

A

caused by something other than bacteria (viral)

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6
Q

etiology

A
  • several microbes (bacteria, viral, fungi)
  • noxious fumes
  • aspiration pneumonia
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7
Q

aspiration pneumonia

A

anything other than air enters the lungs (ex. gastric content)

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8
Q

example of noxious fumes

A

house fire smoke

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9
Q

what microbe usually causes pneumonia

A

bacteria

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10
Q

patho

A
  • mucociliary blanket compromised (ex. smoking)
  • immunocompromised pts have impaired resp defences
  • agent enters lungs –> infect within lung –> inflm of lungs –> tissue damage & edema –> impaired gas exchange
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11
Q

4 stages of pneumococcal pneumonia

A
  1. edema stage
  2. red hepatization stage
  3. grey hepatization stage
  4. resolution
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12
Q

edema stage (1)

A
  • microbes enter alveoli

- abundance of proteins present in purulent exudate, microbes, defence cells, and edema

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13
Q

red hepatization stage (2)

A

RBC and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) containing bacteria in alveoli, capillary congestion (d/t hyperemia, vasodilation)

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14
Q

grey hepatization stage (3)

A
  • clearance of alveolus
  • phagocytosis: macrophages engulf microbes, debris, RBCs, & PMNs
  • less capillary congestion
  • occurs 2-3 days after red hepatization stage
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15
Q

resolution stage (4)

A
  • immunocompromised may not recover

- non-immunocompromised recover gradually

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16
Q

mnfts

A
  • acute, wide variation
  • systemic mnfts: fever, lethargy, malaise, headache
  • dyspnea
  • productive cough w/ sputum
  • chest pain
  • inc fever
  • consolidation
17
Q

why does productive cough w/ sputum occur

A

secretion of mucus for protection in the resp tract + purulent exudate from bacterial infect

18
Q

is coughing beneficial mnft

A

no, a persistent cough can worsen the mucociliary blanket b/c the cough is fast and the pt is immunocompromised

19
Q

consolidation

A
  • accum of inflammatory cellular exudate in the alveoli that causes lung tissue to harden/solidify (liquid cannot be expectorated)
  • consolidation must be present to Dx pneumonia
20
Q

what is the liquid components in consolidation

A
  • pulmonary edema
  • inflammatory exudate
  • pus
  • inhaled water
  • blood
21
Q

dx

A
  • Hx, Px
  • CXR
  • sputum C&S analysis (to look for bacteria)
22
Q

tx

A
  • remove offending agent if not infectious and give supportive care (ex. O2)
  • anti-inflm
  • pain meds
  • Abx if bacterial

BIO253 (68 decks)

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