Cervix CA Flashcards
1
Q
cervix
A
opening to vagina
2
Q
cervix CA
A
CA arises on wall of tissue that surrounds cervix –> makes cervix smaller
3
Q
etiology & risks
A
- HPV infection
- Hx of STIs
- multiple sexual partners
- smoking
- early age sex
4
Q
why are multiple sex partners and early age sex a risk for cervix CA
A
inc risk of picking up virus
5
Q
patho
A
- squamous cell origin
- 3 stages of progression
- time of progression depends on indiv, their Hx, etc.
- mets through lymphatic system
6
Q
3 stages of progression
A
1) initial dysplasia
2) carcinoma in situ
3) later invasive stage
7
Q
initial dysplasia stage (1)
A
- pre-CA lesion
- Dx at this stage –> good prognosis
- change in histology = “warning sign” for CA
8
Q
carcinoma in situ stage (2)
A
- epith superficial layer lining cervix
- dev if Tx doesn’t occur during pre-CA stage
9
Q
later invasive stage (3)
A
impacts deeper layer
10
Q
mnfts
A
- don’t appear until later in disease
- vaginal discharge
- metorrhagia
- more frequent menses
- pelvic/back pain (late)
11
Q
Dx
A
- PAP smear
- colposcopy
- HPV vaccine (Gardasil)
12
Q
PAP smear
A
- Observe sample of squamous cells from cervix for squamous cell growth (change in histology)
- Positive result –> CIN1, CIN2, CIN3
13
Q
HPV Vaccine (Gardasil)
A
- For young girls & boys to prevent cervical CA
- Provides 5 yrs of protection
- Covers 5 problematic strains of HPV
14
Q
Tx
A
- curable if in situ (pre-CA)
- excise tumor
- Sx, radiation
- radical hysterectomy
- cryosurgery
- conization
- LEEP (loop electro-surgical excision procedure)
15
Q
radical hysterectomy
A
remove uterus, cervix, etc. if more severe
