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patho > endocrine function a&p > Flashcards

endocrine function a&p Flashcards

1
Q

structures

A 
hypothalmus
pituitary gland: anterior & posterior
pancrease
thyroid 
parathyroid 
adrenal glands
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2
Q

endocrine releases

A

in blood stream

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3
Q

exocrine releases

A

into ducts

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4
Q

hypothalamus

A

located in brain

  • below thalamus
  • above pituitary
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5
Q

hypothalamus hormone production

A
  • antidiuretic hormone (ADH)- stimulating retention of water= hold on to water
  • oxytocin= aids in contraction of uterus @ end of pregnancy and releases milk into ducts
  • regulation of anterior pituitary hormone secretion
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6
Q

hypothalamus controls body functions

A

homeostasis
temp
appetite
thirst

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7
Q

pituitary gland

A

“master gland”

location: below hypothalmus in brain

structure:

  • two lobes:
  • anterior
  • posterior
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8
Q

anterior pituitary hormones

A
  • thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • prolactin
  • adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
  • growth hormone
  • lutinizing hormone (LH)
  • follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
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9
Q

thyroid stimulating hormone

A

stimulates the thyroid to secrete thyroid hormone

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10
Q

prolactin

A
  • stimulates milk production in the mammary glands in females
  • in males it may make the testes more senstive to LH
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11
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

stimulates the adrenal cortex to scree corticosteroids

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12
Q

growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin

A
  • acts on entire body to promote protein synthesis, lipid and carbohydrates metabolism and bone and skeletal muscles growth
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13
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

a gonadotropin stimulates ovulation and estrogen and progesterone synthesis in females and the secretion of testosterone by the testes in males

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14
Q

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

one of the gonadotropins stimulating the production of eggs in the ovaries of females and sperm in the testes of males
- secretes estrogen and testosterone

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15
Q

posterior pituitary

A
  • nerve fibers that form the posterior pituitary originate in the hypothalamus
  • the posterior pituitary holds the hormones until stimulated by the nervous system to release them
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16
Q

posteror pituitary hormones

A
  • oxytocin

- antidiuretic hormone

17
Q

oxytocin

A
  • stimulates contraction of the uterus during child birth

- triggers the release of milk from the breast during lactation

18
Q

antidiuretic

A
  • acts on the kidneys to reduce urine volume and prevent dehydration
  • also called vasopressin
19
Q

pancreas

A
  • lies just behind stomach

- head tucked in curve of the beginning of the small intestine (duodenum) and its tail reaching to the spleen

20
Q

pancreas exocrine cells

A

secrete digestive enzymes into ducts that drain into the small intestine

21
Q

pancreas endocrine cells

A
  • called pancreatic islets
  • contain several different types of cells
  • main ones being alpha cells, beta cells, and delta
22
Q

thyroid

A
  • made up of tiny sacs called thyroid follicles
  • follicle filled with thick fluid called thyroid colloid
  • sells lining sacs secrete two hormones T3 and T4
  • can store hormones for later
  • resides in neck
23
Q

calcitonin

A
  • storage of calcium in bones released if hyper calcium

- move calcium out of blood into bone

24
Q

parathyroid

A
  • embedded in the posterior corners of the lobes of thyroid

- have 4 parathyroid

25
Q

PTH in bone

A

inhibits new bone formation while stimulating the breakdown of old bone, causing calcium (and phosphate) to move out of bone and into the blood

26
Q

PTH kidneys

A
  • encourages kidneys to reabsorb calcium
  • blocking its excretion into the urine while promoting the secretion of phosphate
  • also promotes the kidneys to activate vitamin D- necessary for intestinal absorption of calcium
27
Q

after pth activates by the kidneys

A
  • vitamin d allows the intestines to absorb calcium from food
  • calcium transported through intestinal cells and into the blood
28
Q

adrenal medulla

A
  • contains modified neurons

- sympathetic nervous system

29
Q

adrenal cortex

A
  • consist of 3 layers of glandular tissue

patho (24 decks)

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