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Lpn > A and P Ch 12 Blood Ch 14 Lymphatic System > Flashcards

A and P Ch 12 Blood Ch 14 Lymphatic System Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Blood

A

A fluid tissue
Solid parts are RBC
Plasma is blood minus the cells

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2
Q

Formed elements of blood

A

Erythrocytes =red blood cells
Leukocytes = white blood cells

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3
Q

Plasma

A

Liquid portion of blood-contains proteins, other solutes
Buffycoat(small portion of plasma) contains platelets and leukocytes

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4
Q

5 types of leukocytes (in Buffy coat portion of plasma)

A

A granular-monocytes, lymphocytes
Granular- neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

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5
Q

Hematopoesis

A

Formation of new blood cells-made in red bone marrow

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6
Q

Hemostasis

A

Cessation of bleeding

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7
Q

Removal of dead blood cells

A

Done by liver and spleen

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8
Q

Red blood cells structure

A

Disk shaped no nuclei
Transports O2 and CO2
Cannot reproduce or repair themselves
Lifespan- 80-120 days
Are flexiblle

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9
Q

CBC blood test-

A

Complete blood cell count
Blood test
Measures amount/level of many blood

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10
Q

Hematocrit= HCT test

A

Centrifuge used
Tells what percentage of blood is RBCs
Dehydration can throw it off

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11
Q

Anemia

A

Inability to carry adequate O2 to tissues
Causes- 1. inadequate number of RBCs. 2. Deficiency of hemoglobin

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12
Q

Pernicious Anemia

A

Deficiency of vit b 12

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13
Q

Polycythemia

A

Too many RBCs

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14
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Abnormally shaped RBCs
Prevalent amongst Thkse of African, Mediterranean, or Indian(India) descent
Pain/supportive tx

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15
Q

The A’s of immunity

A

Antigens(in plasma)- subsatance that can activate immune system
Antibody-substance made bybody in response to stimulation by antigen
Agglutination-reaction or clumping together of antibodies and antigens

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16
Q

ABO Blood Typing

A

Test to determine your blood group
4 main blood groups Type A, Type B, Type AB, Type O

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17
Q

Rh-positive blood

A

Rh- factor antigen present in RBC

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18
Q

Rh- negative blood

A

No Rh factor in RBCs

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19
Q

Anti-Rh factor antibodies

A

Not naturally present in plasma
Must be introduced
Bad blood transfusion
No Rhogam

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20
Q

Blood donation

A

Type O Rh negative = universal donor
Type AB Rh positive = universal recipient

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21
Q

Erythoblastosis fetalis

A

(blood type of mother and baby are incompatible)
Hemolytic anemia=red blood cell’s destroyed faster than they can be made

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22
Q

Disorders of White blood cells

A

Leukopenia- abnormally low white blood count
Leukocytosis-Abnormally high white blood count
Leukemia-Cancer of the white blood cells

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23
Q

AIDS

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A

Extremely low WBC

24
Q

Infection

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A

Extremely high WBC

25
B cells
Produces antibodies Arise from stem cells They are immature B cells in the liver and bone marrow before birth Only in bone marrow in adults
26
Neutrophils
Immune defense phagocytosis first to arrive
27
Eosinophils
Parasites
28
Basophil
Inflammatory response
29
Mechanisms of innate defense skin and mucous membranes
Forms continuous wall separating interior and exterior environment
30
Inflammation
Fever May enhance immune reactions
31
Basophil
Produces heparin Inhibits clotting Secretes histamine Inflammatory response
32
Albumin
Retains water in the blood
33
Secretions
Inhibit the activity of pathogens
34
Immune system molecules (proteins)
Cytokines: triggers response of innate /nonspecific immunity Antibodies: are proteins normally present in body. Antibodies are imbedded in membranes of threatening cells. They combine with specific antigens Complement: binding sites on antibodies, when they attach to antigens they attract to site of. Infection
35
Lymphatic system
Protects body from pathological bacteria, foreign tissues, and cancerous cells Maintains fluid balance Enhances immune system Lymphatic system is a network of organs vessels and tissues that work together to move a colorless watery fluid back to the circulatory system protects you from infection and destroys old or abnormal cells. Lymphatic system also absorbs fats and lipids It collects excess Fluids from tissues and returns it to the bloodstream Protects body against invaders 
36
Thymus
Small lymphoid tissue organ Located in mediastinum Vital and central role in immunity Makes T cells Max size at puberty. Shrinks with aging
37
Spleen
Largest lymphoid organ Located in LUW Other organs can duplicate its functions Lateral to stomach Often injured by trauma Surgical removal is called splenectomy It filters out bacteria Destroys old blood cells Acts as a blood reservoir
38
Lymphocytes B and T cells
Most numerous of immune system cells B cells: arise from stem cells in bone marrow Stem cells become immature B cells in the liver and bone marrow Only in bone marrow in adults Crucial for development of antibodies They reside in the lymph nodes T cells: develop in the thymus Then into blood, they then migrate to the lymph nodes where they reside T and B cells receive signal from cytokines to activate
39
Tonsils
3 masses of lymphoid tissue Palantine tonsils Pharyngeal tonsils-adenoids Lingual tonsils Subject to chronic infections Enlargement of pharyngeal tonsils adenoids impair breathing First line of defense from outside Can be removed and antibiotics do not work
40
Adaptive/specific immunity
Specific protection against specific threats or toxic materials IMMUNE MEMORY will stop second attack by same pathogen 1st time, disease symptoms occur and body fights 2nd time no serious symptoms Can be natural or artificial (vaccinations)
41
Natural exposure
Not deliberate
42
Active immunity
Active desease
43
Passive immunity
Passes from pregnant person to fetus thru placenta
44
Lymphatic capillaries- Blind ended tubes in tissue spaces (dead end)
Most nutrients travel through pores In capillaries so body can absorb them. Some molecules and fats are too large. Blood plasma filters out of capillaries and into spaces between tissue cells (interstitial fluid). This fluid inters tubes In the tissue spaces (part of lymphatic vessels) the lymphatic capillaries which prevents accumulation of too much tissue fluid. It is now called lymph
45
Primary lymphatic structures
Right lymphatic duct Thoracic duct
46
Thoracic duct
Largest lymphatic vessel Drains lymph from 3/4s of body
47
Right lymphatic duct
Drains lymph from right upper extremity and right side of head neck and upper torso
48
Cisterns chili aka thoracic duct
Enlarged pouch like structure
49
Lymphatic nodes
Cervical lymph nodes Submandibular nodes Axillary lymph nodes Parasternal (near sternum)nodes Inguinal (groin) lymph nodes Popliteal lymph nodes
50
Lymph nodes
Filter bacteria (via phagocytosis) from the lymph fluid. This prevents infections from spreading. Bacteria, cancer cells, and infected cells are prevented from entering the bloodstream. Nodes are located along pathway of lymphatic vessel. Nodes appear in clusters. Filtered fluid then moves into venous blood
51
Antibodies
Made by the body when stimulated by an antigen Reacts with the antigen that stimulated it Causes antigens to agglutinate
52
O negative
Universal donor
53
Universal recipient
ABpositive
54
Leukocytes
Our defense system NO HEMOGLOBIN
55
Leukocytosis
High WBC count. s/s of infect or blood cancer
56
Granular leukocytes
Absorb stain in lab
57
Monocytes
Immune response phagocytosis

Lpn (18 decks)

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