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Lpn > A and P Ch 12 Blood Ch 14 Lymphatic System > Flashcards

A and P Ch 12 Blood Ch 14 Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Blood

A

A fluid tissue
Solid parts are RBC
Plasma is blood minus the cells

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2
Q

Formed elements of blood

A

Erythrocytes =red blood cells
Leukocytes = white blood cells

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3
Q

Plasma

A

Liquid portion of blood-contains proteins, other solutes
Buffycoat(small portion of plasma) contains platelets and leukocytes

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4
Q

5 types of leukocytes (in Buffy coat portion of plasma)

A

A granular-monocytes, lymphocytes
Granular- neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

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5
Q

Hematopoesis

A

Formation of new blood cells-made in red bone marrow

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6
Q

Hemostasis

A

Cessation of bleeding

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7
Q

Removal of dead blood cells

A

Done by liver and spleen

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8
Q

Red blood cells structure

A

Disk shaped no nuclei
Transports O2 and CO2
Cannot reproduce or repair themselves
Lifespan- 80-120 days
Are flexiblle

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9
Q

CBC blood test-

A

Complete blood cell count
Blood test
Measures amount/level of many blood

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10
Q

Hematocrit= HCT test

A

Centrifuge used
Tells what percentage of blood is RBCs
Dehydration can throw it off

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11
Q

Anemia

A

Inability to carry adequate O2 to tissues
Causes- 1. inadequate number of RBCs. 2. Deficiency of hemoglobin

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12
Q

Pernicious Anemia

A

Deficiency of vit b 12

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13
Q

Polycythemia

A

Too many RBCs

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14
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Abnormally shaped RBCs
Prevalent amongst Thkse of African, Mediterranean, or Indian(India) descent
Pain/supportive tx

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15
Q

The A’s of immunity

A

Antigens(in plasma)- subsatance that can activate immune system
Antibody-substance made bybody in response to stimulation by antigen
Agglutination-reaction or clumping together of antibodies and antigens

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16
Q

ABO Blood Typing

A

Test to determine your blood group
4 main blood groups Type A, Type B, Type AB, Type O

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17
Q

Rh-positive blood

A

Rh- factor antigen present in RBC

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18
Q

Rh- negative blood

A

No Rh factor in RBCs

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19
Q

Anti-Rh factor antibodies

A

Not naturally present in plasma
Must be introduced
Bad blood transfusion
No Rhogam

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20
Q

Blood donation

A

Type O Rh negative = universal donor
Type AB Rh positive = universal recipient

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21
Q

Erythoblastosis fetalis

A

(blood type of mother and baby are incompatible)
Hemolytic anemia=red blood cell’s destroyed faster than they can be made

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22
Q

Disorders of White blood cells

A

Leukopenia- abnormally low white blood count
Leukocytosis-Abnormally high white blood count
Leukemia-Cancer of the white blood cells

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23
Q

AIDS

A

Extremely low WBC

24
Q

Infection

A

Extremely high WBC

25
Q

B cells

A

Produces antibodies
Arise from stem cells
They are immature B cells in the liver and bone marrow before birth
Only in bone marrow in adults

26
Q

Neutrophils

A

Immune defense phagocytosis first to arrive

27
Q

Eosinophils

A

Parasites

28
Q

Basophil

A

Inflammatory response

29
Q

Mechanisms of innate defense skin and mucous membranes

A

Forms continuous wall separating interior and exterior environment

30
Q

Inflammation

A

Fever May enhance immune reactions

31
Q

Basophil

A

Produces heparin
Inhibits clotting
Secretes histamine
Inflammatory response

32
Q

Albumin

A

Retains water in the blood

33
Q

Secretions

A

Inhibit the activity of pathogens

34
Q

Immune system molecules (proteins)

A

Cytokines: triggers response of innate /nonspecific immunity
Antibodies: are proteins normally present in body. Antibodies are imbedded in membranes of threatening cells. They combine with specific antigens
Complement: binding sites on antibodies, when they attach to antigens they attract to site of. Infection

35
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Protects body from pathological bacteria, foreign tissues, and cancerous cells
Maintains fluid balance
Enhances immune system

Lymphatic system is a network of organs vessels and tissues that work together to move a colorless watery fluid back to the circulatory system protects you from infection and destroys old or abnormal cells.
Lymphatic system also absorbs fats and lipids
It collects excess Fluids from tissues and returns it to the bloodstream
Protects body against invaders 

36
Q

Thymus

A

Small lymphoid tissue organ
Located in mediastinum
Vital and central role in immunity
Makes T cells
Max size at puberty. Shrinks with aging

37
Q

Spleen

A

Largest lymphoid organ
Located in LUW
Other organs can duplicate its functions
Lateral to stomach
Often injured by trauma
Surgical removal is called splenectomy
It filters out bacteria
Destroys old blood cells
Acts as a blood reservoir

38
Q

Lymphocytes B and T cells

A

Most numerous of immune system cells
B cells: arise from stem cells in bone marrow
Stem cells become immature B cells in the liver and bone marrow
Only in bone marrow in adults
Crucial for development of antibodies
They reside in the lymph nodes

T cells: develop in the thymus
Then into blood, they then migrate to the lymph nodes where they reside
T and B cells receive signal from cytokines to activate

39
Q

Tonsils

A

3 masses of lymphoid tissue
Palantine tonsils
Pharyngeal tonsils-adenoids
Lingual tonsils
Subject to chronic infections
Enlargement of pharyngeal tonsils adenoids impair breathing
First line of defense from outside
Can be removed and antibiotics do not work

40
Q

Adaptive/specific immunity

A

Specific protection against specific threats or toxic materials
IMMUNE MEMORY will stop second attack by same pathogen
1st time, disease symptoms occur and body fights
2nd time no serious symptoms
Can be natural or artificial (vaccinations)

41
Q

Natural exposure

A

Not deliberate

42
Q

Active immunity

A

Active desease

43
Q

Passive immunity

A

Passes from pregnant person to fetus thru placenta

44
Q

Lymphatic capillaries- Blind ended tubes in tissue spaces (dead end)

A

Most nutrients travel through pores In capillaries so body can absorb them. Some molecules and fats are too large. Blood plasma filters out of capillaries and into spaces between tissue cells (interstitial fluid). This fluid inters tubes In the tissue spaces (part of lymphatic vessels) the lymphatic capillaries which prevents accumulation of too much tissue fluid. It is now called lymph

45
Q

Primary lymphatic structures

A

Right lymphatic duct
Thoracic duct

46
Q

Thoracic duct

A

Largest lymphatic vessel
Drains lymph from 3/4s of body

47
Q

Right lymphatic duct

A

Drains lymph from right upper extremity and right side of head neck and upper torso

48
Q

Cisterns chili aka thoracic duct

A

Enlarged pouch like structure

49
Q

Lymphatic nodes

A

Cervical lymph nodes
Submandibular nodes
Axillary lymph nodes
Parasternal (near sternum)nodes
Inguinal (groin) lymph nodes
Popliteal lymph nodes

50
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Filter bacteria (via phagocytosis) from the lymph fluid. This prevents infections from spreading. Bacteria, cancer cells, and infected cells are prevented from entering the bloodstream. Nodes are located along pathway of lymphatic vessel. Nodes appear in clusters. Filtered fluid then moves into venous blood

51
Q

Antibodies

A

Made by the body when stimulated by an antigen
Reacts with the antigen that stimulated it
Causes antigens to agglutinate

52
Q

O negative

A

Universal donor

53
Q

Universal recipient

A

ABpositive

54
Q

Leukocytes

A

Our defense system
NO HEMOGLOBIN

55
Q

Leukocytosis

A

High WBC count. s/s of infect or blood cancer

56
Q

Granular leukocytes

A

Absorb stain in lab

57
Q

Monocytes

A

Immune response phagocytosis

Lpn (16 decks)

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