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Lpn > Fons Ch 19 Nutrition Concepts and related Therapies > Flashcards

Fons Ch 19 Nutrition Concepts and related Therapies Flashcards

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1
Q

Good dietary habits can

A

Promote health and reduce the risk for diseases

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2
Q

Dietary guidelines for Americans

A
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3
Q

What does dietary reference intake refer to

A

Set of nutrient based values for planning diet
Used to be known as RDA Recommended daily allowance

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4
Q

What are the six essential nutrients 

A

Proteins, carbs, fats, vitamins, minerals and water

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5
Q

What are fats

A

Organic substances of a fatty nature
The are Insoluble in water

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6
Q

Types of fat

A

Saturated fats
Mono unsaturated fats
Poly unsaturated fats

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7
Q

Saturated fats comes from

A

Animal origin
Except coconut olive and palm
Solid at room temp

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8
Q

Sources of Polyunsaturated fat

A

Plant and fish oil

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9
Q

Trans fat

A

Margarine partially hydrogenated, shortening, commercial fats


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10
Q

What makes up the bodies lean tissue and organs

A

Protein

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11
Q

Necessary for tissue growth and repair also wound healing

A

Protein

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12
Q

Protein is formed by

A

Amino acids

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13
Q

Malnutrition is indicated by

A

Low albumin levels

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14
Q

Complete proteins

A

Nine essential amino acids

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15
Q

What is of Animal origin, contained in soy and quinoa

A

Complete proteins

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16
Q

Where do Incomplete proteins come from

A

from plant

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17
Q

What must you do to get call 9 essential amino acids from plants (to form complete protein)

A

Combine different types (grains, nuts, seeds, beans)

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18
Q

Where does cholesterol come from and what is it needed for

A

Egg yolks and meat, it is needed to manufacture Hormones

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19
Q

Which fat is the most concentrated of all lipids

A

Cholesterol

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20
Q

What is the main function of carbohydrates

A

To provide energy

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21
Q

How many types of carbohydrates are there

A

2, simple carbs and complex carbs

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22
Q

Name the two types of simple carbs

A

Monosaccharides and disaccharides

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23
Q

What type of carbs are fructose and glucose

A

Monosaccharides

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24
Q

What type of carbs are sucrose and lactose

A

Disaccharides

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25
Complex carbohydrates are called 
Polysaccharides
26
Starch and glycogen and dietary fiber are What type of carbohydrate
Polysaccharides
27
Which Carbohydrate cannot be broken down
Dietary fiber
28
Dietary fiber is found mostly in
Plants
29
Dietary fiber can lower
Cholesterol and blood glue close levels can also assist in weight loss
30
Insoluble fibers (fr. book rice and whole grains) can aid in the following
Soften stools, increase peristalsis, relieve constipation, treat diverticulosis and hemorrhoids
31
Soluble fiber binds with
Cholesterol and bile acids and provides a feeling of fullness (fr. book high fiber diet
32
Barley, nuts, seeds, citrus, apples, strawberries, are
Soluble fiber
33
Whole wheat grains, and wheat bran
Insoluble fiber
34
A, d, e, and vit k are
Fat soluble vitamins
35
Vit b and c are
Water soluble vitamins
36
B vitamins
Niacin, folic acid before and during pregnancy, and vitamin B 12 (pernicious anemia vit b12 Deficiency)
37
C vitamins
Ascorbic acid, healing, iron absorption, Found in fruits, green leafy and yellow veggies
38
Vitamin A is important for
Vision
39
Vitamin D is important for
Bones and teeth
40
Vitamin E is important for
Antioxidants
41
Vitamin K is important for
Blood clotting
42
Minerals are needed for
Regulating body functions, they are essential to good health
43
Energy potential of foods
Carbs And proteins have 4kilocalories per gram Fat has a 9 kcal per gram 1 oz = 28.3 gms
44
Measurements of obesity include 
Body mass index, waist circumference, body composition and height and weight table
45
Type one diabetes
Only 5% diabetes is type one where NO insulin is produced
46
Type two diabetes is more common
May produce some but doesn’t know what to do with it patient is often overweight. Disorder of cellular metabolism
47
A patient with DKA is very sick
It is a very serious complication of diabetes It is life-threatening. The body doesn’t have enough insulin to let sugar into the cells for energy
48
 Low fat diet
Prevent and treat heart disease atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia
49
No fat diet- fat controlled diet
limited regardless of the saturation, used for diarrhea, flatulence, pancreatic disorders
50
Anorexia nervosa
Self impose starvation body image distortion
51
Bulimia nervosa
Binge eating, purging
52
Parenteral Nutritional support is 
Total parenteral support (perhaps no stomach)(correct or prevent malnutrition) Is usually done thru central line (IV)
53
Dysphagia(difficulty swallowing will receive
Thickened liquids, HOB elevated, mechanical soft diet
54
When are Complementary therapies used
In addition to conventional treatment AKA allopathic/conventional medicine
55
Alternative therapies
May become primary treatment/ may replace Conventional medicine
56
Holistic nursing interventions
Address and Treat the mind-body-spirit Promote and maintain health Examples on music therapy guided Imagery Simple touch, massage, prayer
57
Herbal therapy can be used to
treat illness and maintain health The goal is to Restore balance and facilitate the persons self healing ability Herbal therapies are sold as foods. Or supplements Are not regulated Potentially toxic if used incorrectly
58
C A M therapies
Complementary- Alternative Medicine
59
Some herbs are
Saint johns wort (can be used for depression) Valerian ( insomnia) can be habit forming Ginger(morning sickness)
60
Chiropractic therapy
BASED ON THE HOLISTIC BELIEF IN THE BODIES ABILITY TO TAKE CRE OF ITSELF chiropractors have extensive training in manipulation of the musculoskeletal system joints are adjusted through gentle manipulation proper alignment is restored medication ARE NOT prescribed contraindicated for osteoporosis
61
Acupuncture is
A method of stimulating certain points of the body it modifies the perception of pain
62
Acupuncture can treat
Low back pain simple migraine headaches sciatica shoulder pain tennis elbow osteoarthritis Whiplash and musculoskeletal sprains
63
Acupressure is
Giving gentle pressure at certain points pressure is applied with finger Or small blunt object it is primarily to prevent muscle tension reduce tension increase circulation enable the body to relax it promotes wellness increases resistance to disease
64
Therapeutic massage
Manipulation soft tissues in the body assist with healing can either be relaxing or energizing oils or lotions may be used during the massage
65
Contraindications to therapeutic massage
Contraindicated for PHLEBITIS, THROMBOSIS, INFECTIOUS SKIN DESEASES. Osteoporosis avoid vigorous or deep massage. Therapist should be informed of any of these conditions
66
Contraindications for aromatherapy
Pregnant women (breastfeeding), children, high blood pressure, asthma, epilepsy,
67
Reflexology
Caution: diabetes and cardiac deseases Places body in the parasympathetic state
68
Animal assisted Therapy is used for
PTSD, decrease Loneliness, improves mood, reduces blood pressure, pain stress and anxiety
69
Biofeedback is
Noninvasive, uses a monitoring devices, determines a Patient neuromuscular and automatic nervous system response Measure specific body functions
70
Yoga
The joining of the mind body and spirit Tones muscles, internal organs, heart, lungs, glands, and nerves Increases flexibility Caution; pt. with glaucoma no inversions/ downward dog
71
Marijuana and cannabinoids
Nurse must be aware of the complexities of marijuana and cannabinoids in (CAM) complementary, alternative medicine Still criminal at federal level Therapeutic use is Controversial
72
Role of the Nurse in promoting nutrition
Help and help patient understand importance of diet encourage dietary compliance Asisst some pt with eating Take and record patient’s weight Record patient intake observe clinical signs of Poor nutrition and report
73
1. Basic nutrition is the? 2. Nutrition therapy
1. Total of all processes of ingesting and absorbing food substances 2. plays a role directly or indirectly in all body processes 
74
Where are carbs stored
In the liver and muscles
75
Where does monounsaturated fat come from
Plant origin, avocado, peanuts, canola oil
76
Relaxation is used for
Pre- op patients

Lpn (18 decks)

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