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Lpn > Fons Ch 19 Nutrition Concepts and related Therapies > Flashcards

Fons Ch 19 Nutrition Concepts and related Therapies Flashcards

1
Q

Good dietary habits can

A

Promote health and reduce the risk for diseases

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2
Q

Dietary guidelines for Americans

A
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3
Q

What does dietary reference intake refer to

A

Set of nutrient based values for planning diet
Used to be known as RDA Recommended daily allowance

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4
Q

What are the six essential nutrients 

A

Proteins, carbs, fats, vitamins, minerals and water

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5
Q

What are fats

A

Organic substances of a fatty nature
The are Insoluble in water

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6
Q

Types of fat

A

Saturated fats
Mono unsaturated fats
Poly unsaturated fats

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7
Q

Saturated fats comes from

A

Animal origin
Except coconut olive and palm
Solid at room temp

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8
Q

Sources of Polyunsaturated fat

A

Plant and fish oil

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9
Q

Trans fat

A

Margarine partially hydrogenated, shortening, commercial fats


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10
Q

What makes up the bodies lean tissue and organs

A

Protein

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11
Q

Necessary for tissue growth and repair also wound healing

A

Protein

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12
Q

Protein is formed by

A

Amino acids

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13
Q

Malnutrition is indicated by

A

Low albumin levels

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14
Q

Complete proteins

A

Nine essential amino acids

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15
Q

What is of Animal origin, contained in soy and quinoa

A

Complete proteins

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16
Q

Where do Incomplete proteins come from

A

from plant

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17
Q

What must you do to get call 9 essential amino acids from plants (to form complete protein)

A

Combine different types (grains, nuts, seeds, beans)

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18
Q

Where does cholesterol come from and what is it needed for

A

Egg yolks and meat, it is needed to manufacture Hormones

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19
Q

Which fat is the most concentrated of all lipids

A

Cholesterol

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20
Q

What is the main function of carbohydrates

A

To provide energy

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21
Q

How many types of carbohydrates are there

A

2, simple carbs and complex carbs

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22
Q

Name the two types of simple carbs

A

Monosaccharides and disaccharides

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23
Q

What type of carbs are fructose and glucose

A

Monosaccharides

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24
Q

What type of carbs are sucrose and lactose

A

Disaccharides

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25
Q

Complex carbohydrates are called 

A

Polysaccharides

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26
Q

Starch and glycogen and dietary fiber are What type of carbohydrate

A

Polysaccharides

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27
Q

Which Carbohydrate cannot be broken down

A

Dietary fiber

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28
Q

Dietary fiber is found mostly in

A

Plants

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29
Q

Dietary fiber can lower

A

Cholesterol and blood glue close levels can also assist in weight loss

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30
Q

Insoluble fibers (fr. book rice and whole grains) can aid in the following

A

Soften stools, increase peristalsis, relieve constipation, treat diverticulosis and hemorrhoids

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31
Q

Soluble fiber binds with

A

Cholesterol and bile acids and provides a feeling of fullness (fr. book high fiber diet

32
Q

Barley, nuts, seeds, citrus, apples, strawberries, are

A

Soluble fiber

33
Q

Whole wheat grains, and wheat bran

A

Insoluble fiber

34
Q

A, d, e, and vit k are

A

Fat soluble vitamins

35
Q

Vit b and c are

A

Water soluble vitamins

36
Q

B vitamins

A

Niacin, folic acid before and during pregnancy, and vitamin B 12 (pernicious anemia vit b12 Deficiency)

37
Q

C vitamins

A

Ascorbic acid, healing, iron absorption, Found in fruits, green leafy and yellow veggies

38
Q

Vitamin A is important for

A

Vision

39
Q

Vitamin D is important for

A

Bones and teeth

40
Q

Vitamin E is important for

A

Antioxidants

41
Q

Vitamin K is important for

A

Blood clotting

42
Q

Minerals are needed for

A

Regulating body functions, they are essential to good health

43
Q

Energy potential of foods

A

Carbs And proteins have 4kilocalories per gram
Fat has a 9 kcal per gram
1 oz = 28.3 gms

44
Q

Measurements of obesity include 

A

Body mass index, waist circumference, body composition and height and weight table

45
Q

Type one diabetes

A

Only 5% diabetes is type one where NO insulin is produced

46
Q

Type two diabetes is more common

A

May produce some but doesn’t know what to do with it patient is often overweight. Disorder of cellular metabolism

47
Q

A patient with DKA is very sick

A

It is a very serious complication of diabetes It is life-threatening. The body doesn’t have enough insulin to let sugar into the cells for energy

48
Q

 Low fat diet

A

Prevent and treat heart disease atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia

49
Q

No fat diet- fat controlled diet

A

limited regardless of the saturation, used for diarrhea, flatulence, pancreatic disorders

50
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Self impose starvation body image distortion

51
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

Binge eating, purging

52
Q

Parenteral Nutritional support is 

A

Total parenteral support (perhaps no stomach)(correct or prevent malnutrition)
Is usually done thru central line (IV)

53
Q

Dysphagia(difficulty swallowing will receive

A

Thickened liquids, HOB elevated, mechanical soft diet

54
Q

When are Complementary therapies used

A

In addition to conventional treatment AKA allopathic/conventional medicine

55
Q

Alternative therapies

A

May become primary treatment/ may replace Conventional medicine

56
Q

Holistic nursing interventions

A

Address and Treat the mind-body-spirit
Promote and maintain health
Examples on music therapy guided Imagery Simple touch, massage,
prayer

57
Q

Herbal therapy can be used to

A

treat illness and maintain health
The goal is to Restore balance and facilitate the persons self healing ability
Herbal therapies are sold as foods. Or supplements
Are not regulated
Potentially toxic if used incorrectly

58
Q

C A M therapies

A

Complementary- Alternative Medicine

59
Q

Some herbs are

A

Saint johns wort (can be used for depression)
Valerian ( insomnia) can be habit forming
Ginger(morning sickness)

60
Q

Chiropractic therapy

A

BASED ON THE HOLISTIC BELIEF IN THE BODIES ABILITY TO TAKE CRE OF ITSELF
chiropractors have extensive training in manipulation of the musculoskeletal system
joints are adjusted through gentle manipulation
proper alignment is restored
medication ARE NOT prescribed
contraindicated for osteoporosis

61
Q

Acupuncture is

A

A method of stimulating certain points of the body it modifies the perception of pain

62
Q

Acupuncture can treat

A

Low back pain
simple migraine headaches
sciatica
shoulder pain
tennis elbow
osteoarthritis
Whiplash and musculoskeletal sprains

63
Q

Acupressure is

A

Giving gentle pressure at certain points
pressure is applied with finger Or small blunt object
it is primarily to prevent muscle tension
reduce tension
increase circulation
enable the body to relax
it promotes wellness
increases resistance to disease

64
Q

Therapeutic massage

A

Manipulation soft tissues in the body assist with healing can either be relaxing or energizing oils or lotions may be used during the massage

65
Q

Contraindications to therapeutic massage

A

Contraindicated for PHLEBITIS, THROMBOSIS, INFECTIOUS SKIN DESEASES. Osteoporosis avoid vigorous or deep massage. Therapist should be informed of any of these conditions

66
Q

Contraindications for aromatherapy

A

Pregnant women (breastfeeding), children, high blood pressure, asthma, epilepsy,

67
Q

Reflexology

A

Caution: diabetes and cardiac deseases
Places body in the parasympathetic state

68
Q

Animal assisted Therapy is used for

A

PTSD, decrease Loneliness, improves mood, reduces blood pressure, pain stress and anxiety

69
Q

Biofeedback is

A

Noninvasive, uses a monitoring devices, determines a Patient neuromuscular and automatic nervous system response
Measure specific body functions

70
Q

Yoga

A

The joining of the mind body and spirit

Tones muscles, internal organs, heart, lungs, glands, and nerves
Increases flexibility
Caution; pt. with glaucoma no inversions/ downward dog

71
Q

Marijuana and cannabinoids

A

Nurse must be aware of the complexities of marijuana and cannabinoids in (CAM) complementary, alternative medicine
Still criminal at federal level
Therapeutic use is Controversial

72
Q

Role of the Nurse in promoting nutrition

A

Help and help patient understand importance of diet
encourage dietary compliance
Asisst some pt with eating
Take and record patient’s weight
Record patient intake
observe clinical signs of Poor nutrition and report

73
Q
  1. Basic nutrition is the? 2. Nutrition therapy
A
  1. Total of all processes of ingesting and absorbing food substances
  2. plays a role directly or indirectly in all body processes 
74
Q

Where are carbs stored

A

In the liver and muscles

75
Q

Where does monounsaturated fat come from

A

Plant origin, avocado, peanuts, canola oil

76
Q

Relaxation is used for

A

Pre- op patients

Lpn (16 decks)

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