A and P Chapter 15 The Respitory System

Question 1

Functions of respitory system

Answer 1

Warms incoming air. Filters incoming air. Humidifies incoming air. Distributes air. Gas exchange

Question 2

Major organs of the respiratory system

Answer 2

Nose. Mouth.

Nose. Pharynx/throat. Larynx. Trachea. Lungs and diaphragm

Question 3

Nose structure

Answer 3

Septum is a partition or wall that separates nose into 2 cavities it is lined with mucous membranes. Sinuses drain into the nose

Question 4

Nose function

Answer 4

Warms/ moistens humidifies air. Smell

Question 5

Pharynx structure

Answer 5

Nasopharynx= 2 nasal cavities. Opening of auditory/estuchian tubes. Adenoids. Oropharynx= opening to mouth tonsils. Laryngopharynx= above the larynx

Question 6

Pharynx function

Answer 6

Passageway for food liquids and. air

Question 7

Structure of the larynx

Answer 7

Lined with mucous membranes. Cartilage framework= thyroid cartilage which is the Adam’s apple. Largest of the laryngeal cartilage. Epiglottis partially covers opening to larynx. Vocal cords stretch across larynx

Question 8

Function of the larynx

Answer 8

Air distribution it is passage way for air to and from the lungs. Voice production. Epiglottis protects trachea and lungs prevents aspiration

Question 9

Structure of the trachea

Answer 9

Tube/windpipe. Extends from larynx into thoracic cavity mucous lining. C-shaped rings of cartilage hold trachea open

Question 10

Function and (dysfunction) of the trachea

Answer 10

Passage way for air to and fro lungs. (Dysfunction) blockage of trachea causes airway occlusion. Complete blockage causes death in minutes
Tracheal obstruction causes over 4000 deaths annually inUS

Question 11

Upper respiratory tract

Answer 11

Nose pharynx larynx

Question 12

Overall structure UPSIDE TREE

Answer 12

UPSIDE-DOWN TREE hollow trunk= trachea. Branches of the tree=bronchiole tubes. Leaves of the tree=alveoli. AVEOLI are microscopic sacs enclosed by capillaries. Exchange of gases is accomplished by Passive transport and diffusion
Exchanged gases= oxygen (O2) and Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Question 13

Lower respitory system

Answer 13

Lungs Trachea. Bronchiole tree

Question 14

Structure of the lungs

Answer 14

Fills the chest cavity. 3lobes on right 2 lobes on the left apex which is top narrow part of lung. Base is lower portion of each lung resting on diaphram. Pleura is membrane visceral covers lungs parietal lines chest cavity. Membrane s are moist smooth and slippery they prevent friction

Question 15

Function (dysfunction) of the lungs

Answer 15

Breathing and pulmonary ventilation. (Same=air in and out of lungs) Dysfunction is pneumothorax air intrapleural space on one side of chest

Question 16

Respiration

Answer 16

Exchange of gases between living organism and its environment

Question 17

External respiration

Answer 17

Concerns gas exchange between alveoli, capillaries, hemoglobin combines to oxygen

Question 18

Internal respiration

Answer 18

Concerns gas exchange between capillaries alveoli and tissues . Hemoglobin attaches to carbon dioxide process is called metabolism

Question 19

Tidal volume

Answer 19

Average 500 ml normal quiet breathing (in and out). Measured with spirometer Volume of air exhaled after normal inspiration

Question 20

Expiratory reserve volumes

Answer 20

Amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled. After normal tidal volume

Question 21

Inspiratory volume

Answer 21

Amount of air that can be forcibly inspired Over and above normal inspiration

Question 22

Inspiration

Answer 22

Lungs expand pushing diaphram down (diaphram contracts)

Question 23

Brain stem

Answer 23

Respiratory control center