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Lpn > Repro And Urinary > Flashcards

Repro And Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Kidneys needed to maintain

A

Water. Balance/Homeostasis. if kidneys fail=uremia poisoning

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2
Q

Kidney function

A

Maintain water balance
Excrete toxins
Excrete waste containing nitrogen
Regulate many chemicals in body
Secretes erythropoietin (*from bone marrow to increase RBC which will increase O2 for transport to O2 starved tissues)

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3
Q

Location or ureters

A

Upper end inside kidneys
Lower end connects to bladder
Long narrow tubes
Drain urine from kidneys to bladder

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4
Q

Urethra extends from bladder to exterior by way of

A

Urinary meatus

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5
Q

Urethra is a narrow tube lined with

A

Mucous membranes

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6
Q

Name urethra sphincters ;

A

Internal- involuntary
External- voluntary

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7
Q

Micturarion is

A

Voiding

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8
Q

Storage of urine permitted by

A

Bladder wall.p. Accumulation with little pressure
Stretching initiates urination

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9
Q

Urinary retention

A

Urine produced but not voided

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10
Q

Urinary incontinence

A

Urine is voided involuntarily more common in older adults
Can be caused by spinal injury or stroke
May cause cystitis

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11
Q

Urinalysis

A

Examine physical and chemical properties under microscope
Chang in or abnormal characteristics may indicate desease

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12
Q

Internal structure of kidney-

A
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13
Q

Microscopic structure of kidney-

A

Nephrons-more than 1 million in each kidney
2 main portions- renal tubule = proximal tubule, formerly Henley loop now nephron loop, distal loop, collecting duct
Renal capsule=glomerular capsule,glomerulus

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14
Q

Microscopic structure of kidney-Renal tubule

A

Proximal tubule(convoluted)
Nephron loop formerlyHenle loop
Distal tubule (convoluted)
Collecting duct

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15
Q

**Glomerular capsule AKA Bowman capsule

A

Cup shaped (top of nephron) surrounds glomererulus

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16
Q

**Secretion of urine

A

Continuous
Hydrogen, potassium,ions, drugs and ammonia are secreted
They move from blood into petitubular capillaries and into urinnein distal and collecting tubules

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17
Q

Control of urine volume

A

Anti diuretic hormone ADH (decreases urine) is secreted from posterior pituitary gland (*if no ADH no water is reassured from tubules)
Aldesterone (hormone secreted by by adrenal cortex) stimulates tubules to reabaorb sodium at a faster rate which reduces amount of urine
Atril natriuretic hormone ANH increases urine ANH secreted from atria of heart

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18
Q

Filtration of urine

A

Happens in renal corpuscles
Filters water and blood in glomerulus into urine of glomerular capsule
Normal glomerular filtration rate GFR is 125ml per min

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19
Q

Reabsorption of urine

A

Water nutrients and ions move from urine in renal tubules into blood in peritubular capillaries

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20
Q

Abnormalities of urine volume

A

Anura-absence of urine
Oliguria-scanty amt of urine
Polaris-unusually lg amt of urine

21
Q

SRH=sexual reproduction health Sexuality

A

begins at birth and ends at death

22
Q

Puberty

A

Sexual maturity the ability to reproduce
Sexuality is not tied to reproducibility

23
Q

Reproducing

A

Producing offspring

24
Q

Gametes= sex cells

A

Ovum from female
Sperm from male

25
Q

Gonads=sex organs

A

Testes- males
Ovaries-females

26
Q

Testes-where?

A

Testes in scrotum. Lower in temperature
Interstitial cells produce testosterone

27
Q

Spermatogenisis

A

Process of sperm production
Continual production from puberty to death
Numbers decrease with age
Each sperm has 23 chromosomes X or Y
Head of sperm contains genetic material(DNA)

28
Q

Testosterone

A

Interstitial cells of testes
Everyone makes testosterone
from ovaries and adrenals=libido and bone health
Promotes development of accessory sex organs
Stimulates protein anabolism (breakdown of complex molecules into simple ones)
Masculinizes

29
Q

Accessory organs

A

Ducts-epididymis vas deferents (two)
Ejaculatory duct (two)
Urethra

Supportive sex glands-seminal vesicles (two)
Bulbourethal gland (akaCowper gland) (two)
Prostate gland

30
Q

External genitals

A

Scrotum and penis male
Mons pubis, clitoris, external urinary meatus
Labia Minora, hymen, opening of vestibular gland ducts
Orafice (opening) of vagina, labia Majora

31
Q

Reproductive ducts

A

Uterine (Fallopian) tubes, oviducts
Extend about 10 cm from uterus into abdominal cavities
Distal end surrounded by fimbriae

Sperm pass thru epididymis after exiting testes
Epidermis- single long coiled tube
Above and behind testes in the scrotum
Sperm mature
Sperm mature and develop motility in epidydimis
Vas deferent
Ejaculatory duct

32
Q

Uterus

A

Composed of body, fungus, and cervix
Lies in pelvic cavity just behind bladder
Myometriun is muscle layer
Endometrium lost in menstruation

33
Q

Vagina

A

**Distensible tube about 10 cm long
Located between urinary bladder and rectum
Penetration may occur during sex
Birth canal for vaginal delivery

34
Q

Accessory glands MALE

A

Sperm is produced y testes
It is a mixture of secretions from ACCESSORY/supportive sex glands
Accessory glands-2 seminal vesicles, 1prostate gland, 2 bulbourethral (Cowper) glands
The seminiferous tubules of the testes contribute to 5% of seminal fluid
3 to 5 ml (1 teaspoon) semen is alkaline to protect from acidic vaginal tract

35
Q

Epidydimis

A

Reproductive duct
Sperm pass thru epidydimis after exiting testes
Sits behind testes
Seem mature and develop motility in epidydimis then then to vas deferents and onto the Ejaculatory duct

36
Q

Tubules of testes and epidermis

A
37
Q

Penis

A
38
Q

Reproductive Organs MALE

A
39
Q

Hormones

A

ESTROGEN-development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics
PROGESTERONE-stimulates secretory activity of uterine epithelium
Assist estrogen in initiating menses

40
Q

Ovarian function

A

Oogenisis= egg production
Production of estrogen and progesterone
Maturing follicles produce estrogen
Corpus lute university produces progesterone 11 days after ovulation

41
Q

Vagina

A

Distensible tube 10 cm long
Located between urinary bladder and rectum

42
Q

Reproductive ducts

A

Uterine/fallopian tubes/oviducts
Extend from uterus into abdominal cavity
Distal end surrounded by fimbiae
UTERUS- composed of body fungus and cervix
Lies in pelvic cavit just behind bladder
WALL OF UTERUS- perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

43
Q

Accessory gland

A

VESTIBULAR GLANDS
Bertholin and scene gland
Scene glands- secrete mucous and lubricating fluid
ducts open between labia minora
BREASTS-located over pectoral muscles of thorax
Size r/t fat quantity not amount of glandular tissue
Lactiferous ducts drain at nipple
Surrounded by pigmented aereola

44
Q

External genitals

A

VULVA-moms pubis, clitoris, external urinary meatus, labia minora, hymen, opening of vestibular gland ducts, opening of vagina
PERINEUM-area between vaginal opening and anus
Surgical cut during vaginal deliveries

45
Q

Phases of menstrual cycle

A

Changes in uterus, ovaries, vagina and breasts
28 days
Menses last 4 to 5 days varies - first part of cycle
PROLIFERATIVE-OVULATION-SECRETORY
thickening of endometrium in preparation for fertilized ovum
Sharp decrease in estrogen and progesterone start menstruation

46
Q

Ovulation

A

14 days before next menses begins
Timing is important
Possibility of fertilization
Sperm can fertilize for 24 to 72 hours after ejaculation

47
Q

Common structure

A
48
Q

Microscopic ovarian structure

A

Ovarian follicles contain locate
About 1 million immature oocytes at birth
Primary follicles- 40000 at puberty
350-500 mature follicles ovulate during reproductive lifetime
Corpus luteum forms after ovulation

Lpn (16 decks)

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