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Repro And Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Kidneys needed to maintain

A

Water. Balance/Homeostasis. if kidneys fail=uremia poisoning

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2
Q

Kidney function

A

Maintain water balance
Excrete toxins
Excrete waste containing nitrogen
Regulate many chemicals in body
Secretes erythropoietin (*from bone marrow to increase RBC which will increase O2 for transport to O2 starved tissues)

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3
Q

Location or ureters

A

Upper end inside kidneys
Lower end connects to bladder
Long narrow tubes
Drain urine from kidneys to bladder

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4
Q

Urethra extends from bladder to exterior by way of

A

Urinary meatus

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5
Q

Urethra is a narrow tube lined with

A

Mucous membranes

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6
Q

Name urethra sphincters ;

A

Internal- involuntary
External- voluntary

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7
Q

Micturarion is

A

Voiding

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8
Q

Storage of urine permitted by

A

Bladder wall.p. Accumulation with little pressure
Stretching initiates urination

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9
Q

Urinary retention

A

Urine produced but not voided

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10
Q

Urinary incontinence

A

Urine is voided involuntarily more common in older adults
Can be caused by spinal injury or stroke
May cause cystitis

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11
Q

Urinalysis

A

Examine physical and chemical properties under microscope
Chang in or abnormal characteristics may indicate desease

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12
Q

Internal structure of kidney-

A
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13
Q

Microscopic structure of kidney-

A

Nephrons-more than 1 million in each kidney
2 main portions- renal tubule = proximal tubule, formerly Henley loop now nephron loop, distal loop, collecting duct
Renal capsule=glomerular capsule,glomerulus

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14
Q

Microscopic structure of kidney-Renal tubule

A

Proximal tubule(convoluted)
Nephron loop formerlyHenle loop
Distal tubule (convoluted)
Collecting duct

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15
Q

**Glomerular capsule AKA Bowman capsule

A

Cup shaped (top of nephron) surrounds glomererulus

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16
Q

**Secretion of urine

A

Continuous
Hydrogen, potassium,ions, drugs and ammonia are secreted
They move from blood into petitubular capillaries and into urinnein distal and collecting tubules

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17
Q

Control of urine volume

A

Anti diuretic hormone ADH (decreases urine) is secreted from posterior pituitary gland (*if no ADH no water is reassured from tubules)
Aldesterone (hormone secreted by by adrenal cortex) stimulates tubules to reabaorb sodium at a faster rate which reduces amount of urine
Atril natriuretic hormone ANH increases urine ANH secreted from atria of heart

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18
Q

Filtration of urine

A

Happens in renal corpuscles
Filters water and blood in glomerulus into urine of glomerular capsule
Normal glomerular filtration rate GFR is 125ml per min

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19
Q

Reabsorption of urine

A

Water nutrients and ions move from urine in renal tubules into blood in peritubular capillaries

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20
Q

Abnormalities of urine volume

A

Anura-absence of urine
Oliguria-scanty amt of urine
Polaris-unusually lg amt of urine

21
Q

SRH=sexual reproduction health Sexuality

A

begins at birth and ends at death

22
Q

Puberty

A

Sexual maturity the ability to reproduce
Sexuality is not tied to reproducibility

23
Q

Reproducing

A

Producing offspring

24
Q

Gametes= sex cells

A

Ovum from female
Sperm from male

25
Gonads=sex organs
Testes- males Ovaries-females
26
Testes-where?
Testes in scrotum. Lower in temperature Interstitial cells produce testosterone
27
Spermatogenisis
Process of sperm production Continual production from puberty to death Numbers decrease with age Each sperm has 23 chromosomes X or Y Head of sperm contains genetic material(DNA)
28
Testosterone
Interstitial cells of testes Everyone makes testosterone from ovaries and adrenals=libido and bone health Promotes development of accessory sex organs Stimulates protein anabolism (breakdown of complex molecules into simple ones) Masculinizes
29
Accessory organs
Ducts-epididymis vas deferents (two) Ejaculatory duct (two) Urethra Supportive sex glands-seminal vesicles (two) Bulbourethal gland (akaCowper gland) (two) Prostate gland
30
External genitals
Scrotum and penis male Mons pubis, clitoris, external urinary meatus Labia Minora, hymen, opening of vestibular gland ducts Orafice (opening) of vagina, labia Majora
31
Reproductive ducts
Uterine (Fallopian) tubes, oviducts Extend about 10 cm from uterus into abdominal cavities Distal end surrounded by fimbriae Sperm pass thru epididymis after exiting testes Epidermis- single long coiled tube Above and behind testes in the scrotum Sperm mature Sperm mature and develop motility in epidydimis Vas deferent Ejaculatory duct
32
Uterus
Composed of body, fungus, and cervix Lies in pelvic cavity just behind bladder Myometriun is muscle layer Endometrium lost in menstruation
33
Vagina
**Distensible tube about 10 cm long Located between urinary bladder and rectum Penetration may occur during sex Birth canal for vaginal delivery
34
Accessory glands MALE
Sperm is produced y testes It is a mixture of secretions from ACCESSORY/supportive sex glands Accessory glands-2 seminal vesicles, 1prostate gland, 2 bulbourethral (Cowper) glands The seminiferous tubules of the testes contribute to 5% of seminal fluid 3 to 5 ml (1 teaspoon) semen is alkaline to protect from acidic vaginal tract
35
Epidydimis
Reproductive duct Sperm pass thru epidydimis after exiting testes Sits behind testes Seem mature and develop motility in epidydimis then then to vas deferents and onto the Ejaculatory duct
36
Tubules of testes and epidermis
37
Penis
38
Reproductive Organs MALE
39
Hormones
ESTROGEN-development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics PROGESTERONE-stimulates secretory activity of uterine epithelium Assist estrogen in initiating menses
40
Ovarian function
Oogenisis= egg production Production of estrogen and progesterone Maturing follicles produce estrogen Corpus lute university produces progesterone 11 days after ovulation
41
Vagina
Distensible tube 10 cm long Located between urinary bladder and rectum
42
Reproductive ducts
Uterine/fallopian tubes/oviducts Extend from uterus into abdominal cavity Distal end surrounded by fimbiae UTERUS- composed of body fungus and cervix Lies in pelvic cavit just behind bladder WALL OF UTERUS- perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
43
Accessory gland
VESTIBULAR GLANDS Bertholin and scene gland Scene glands- secrete mucous and lubricating fluid ducts open between labia minora BREASTS-located over pectoral muscles of thorax Size r/t fat quantity not amount of glandular tissue Lactiferous ducts drain at nipple Surrounded by pigmented aereola
44
External genitals
VULVA-moms pubis, clitoris, external urinary meatus, labia minora, hymen, opening of vestibular gland ducts, opening of vagina PERINEUM-area between vaginal opening and anus Surgical cut during vaginal deliveries
45
Phases of menstrual cycle
Changes in uterus, ovaries, vagina and breasts 28 days Menses last 4 to 5 days varies - first part of cycle PROLIFERATIVE-OVULATION-SECRETORY thickening of endometrium in preparation for fertilized ovum Sharp decrease in estrogen and progesterone start menstruation
46
Ovulation
14 days before next menses begins Timing is important Possibility of fertilization Sperm can fertilize for 24 to 72 hours after ejaculation
47
Common structure
48
Microscopic ovarian structure
Ovarian follicles contain locate About 1 million immature oocytes at birth Primary follicles- 40000 at puberty 350-500 mature follicles ovulate during reproductive lifetime Corpus luteum forms after ovulation

Lpn (18 decks)

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