A brief history of cognitive neuroscience

Question 1

Thomas Willis was among the first to link specific brain

D…………………….

with specific

B…………………………..

deficits in humans.

Answer 1

Damage

Behavioral

Question 2

The field of cognitive neuroscience joins

the methods of psychology, philosophy, and

neuroscience to help us understand how the brain

E…………………… the mind.

Answer 2

Enables

Question 3

Phrenologists believed that specific locations in the brain

were specialized to enable specific faculties; if such

faculties were used with greater frequency, the brain

region would

G………….

and cause a bump in the overlying

S………………..

Answer 3

Grow

Skull

Question 4

By “reading” the bumps in a person’s skull, they believed

they could

L……………………..

about that person’s skills and personality.

Answer 4

Learn

Question 5

John Hughlings Jackson was the first to bring scientific

E…………………………..

to the localizationist view.

Answer 5

Experimentation

Question 6

Paul Broca was the first to observe that a patient could

lose the ability to generate

S………………………

following localized brain damage to the

L……………

hemisphere.

Answer 6

Speech

Left

Question 7

Carl Wernicke later discovered that a person could lose

the ability to

C…………………..

speech (while

R……………………………

the ability to generate speech) when a distinct area on

the left side of the brain was damaged.

Answer 7

Comprehend

Retaining

Question 8

Korbinian Brodmann divided the brain into

……

distinct regions on the basis of cytoarchitectonics. His

characterization of the

A…………………………..

divisions of the brain are still used today.

Answer 8

52

Anatomical

Question 9

Camillo Golgi developed a stain that allowed scientist to

view individual

N……………………..

Answer 9

Neurons

Question 10

Using Golgi’s stain, Ramón y Cajal determined that

neurons are

D……………………………

units and helped develop the neurons doctrine.

Answer 10

Distinct

Question 11

Associationists believe that the aggregate of a person’s

experience

D……………………………

the course of mental development.

Answer 11

Determines

Question 12

Associationism is closely tied to behaviorism, the idea

that the

E…………………………

and

L……………………………

are the most important factors in mental development.

Answer 12

Environment

Learning

Question 13

George A. Miller showed that there was a

L………………………

on the amount of information that could be apprehended

in a brief amount of time.

The limit was

S…………………

plus or minus two.

Answer 13

Limit

Seven

Question 14

Noam Chomsky studied language and realized that the

principles of Associationism and behaviorism were not

sufficient for explaining

L…………………….. A………………………………..

Answer 14

Language

Acquisition