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neuroscience > Object Recognition > Flashcards

Object Recognition Flashcards

1
Q

Perception and R…………………

are two distinct phenomena, the understanding of which is one of the core issues of cognitive neuroscience.

A

Recognition

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2
Q

Patient G.S. suffered from

V……………….. agnosia.

Even though he does not have problems with visual

A………………….,

he is unable to recognize common objects when they are presented

V………………….,

although he can recognize them if he is allowed

to T…………… or smell them.

A

Visual

Acuity

Visually

Touch

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3
Q

The V……………….,

or O…………………..

pathway is specialized for object perception and recognition. This is often referred to as the

“W………………” pathway.

A

Ventral

Occipitotemporal

What

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4
Q

The D………………..,

or O……………………….

pathway is specialized for spatial

P…………………….

and is often referred to as the

“W……………” pathway.

A

Dorsal

Occipitoparietal

Perception

Where

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5
Q

Neurons in the

P…………………… lobe

have large, nonselective

R………………….

fields with cells representing both

the F………………. and

the P…………………….

A

Parietal

Receptive

Fovea

Periphery

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6
Q

Neurons in

the T………………..

lobe have large receptive fields that are much more

S……………………

and always represent

F………………… information.

A

Temporal

Selective

Foveal

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7
Q

The L…………….. occipital cortex

is an important region

for S……………………

and object recognition.

A

Lateral

Shape

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8
Q

D.F. suffered from visual agnosia as a result of bilateral lesions to the

V………………. pathway,

encompassing the lateral occipital cortex.

A

Ventral

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9
Q

Despite her inability to consciously

I…………………..

objects of report their properties, she performed well on a task that required her to insert a card into a

S……………………

This example provides a dissociation between the “what” and “where” pathways.

A

Identify

Slot

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10
Q

The “what” pathway is essential in determining the identity of an

O………………….;

the “where” pathway is essential for determining

the L………………………….

of different objects and guiding interactions with these objects.

A

Object

Location

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11
Q

An alternative characterization of the functional difference between the ventral and dorsal pathways focuses on

“vision for R…………………………..”

versus

“vision for A……………………”

to emphasize that

the D……………………. pathway

provides strong input to the motor systems to guide action.

A

Recognition

Action

Dorsal

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12
Q

Patients with O……………. ataxia

have the opposite symptoms from those of D.F.:

They can recognize objects but

cannot U…………… visual information

to G………………….. A……………………

A

Optic

Use

Guide Action

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13
Q

Optic ataxia is associated with lesions

of the P………………………….. cortex.

A

Parietal

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14
Q

A………………………… agnosia

is a V………….-stream disorder

in which F……………………………..

in object recognition are linked to problems in perceptual processing.

A

Apperceptive

Ventral

Failures

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15
Q

A patient with apperceptive agnosia may

R…………………………..

an object from a typical viewpoint, but performance will

D…………………………..

when the patient is asked

to N………………….. an object

that is seen from an unusual viewpoint or is occluded by shadows.

A

Recognize

Deteriorate

Name

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16
Q

A…………………………… agnosia

describes patients who derive normal visual

representations but cannot use

this I…………………… to

R………………………………… things.

A

Associative

Information

Recognize

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17
Q

A person with associative agnosia

might be able to identify two pictures of the same object as being the same, but will

F…………….. to demonstrate

an U……………………………..

of what the object is used for or where it is likely to be found.

A

Fail

Understanding

18
Q

I………………………… agnosia

(exemplified by H.J.A.) is a deficit that results in the inability to integrate

P…………………. of an object

into a C……………………….. whole.

A

Integrative

Parts

Coherent

19
Q

C…………………………-specific deficits

are deficits of object recognition that are

R……………………………. to C……………………….

classes of objects.

A

Category

Restricted

Certain

20
Q

Evidence for category-specific deficits

comes from lesion studies as well as computer

modeling studies that find that

V…………………….. lesions

to either V……………………….. or functional

S…………………………. systems

produce category-specific deficits.

A

Virtual

Visual

Semantic

21
Q

P…………………………..

is an inability to recognize

F…………………………

that cannot be attributed to deterioration in intellectual function.

Such a condition usually results from damage to the

ventral “W……………..” pathway.

A

Prosopagnosia

Faces

What

22
Q

Acquired alexia is characterized by

R…………………………… problems

that occur after a patient has a stroke or head trauma.

A

Reading

23
Q

In alexia without agraphia, patients have alexia but

R………………………

the ability to write.

A

Retain

24
Q

Object C……………………………….

is the ability we have to recognize objects in

C………………………… situations

(e.g., when occluded and when shown in abnormal colors or from abnormal angles).

A

Constancy

Countless

25
Q

There are two main theories of object recognition:

one based on a

view-D……………………………

frame to reference;

the other, on a view-I……………………………

frame of reference.

A

Dependent

Invariant

26
Q

In view-dependent theories, perception is assumed

to depend on recognition of an object from a certain

V………………………………..

A

Viewpoint

27
Q

View-invariant theories posit that recognition does

N………. H………………..

by simple analysis of stimulus information.

A

Not Happen

28
Q

On the basis of her experiences with agnosias, Elizabeth Warrington proposed an anatomical model of object recognition that involved

(a) initial V…………………. processing in both occipital cortices,
(b) P………………………. categorization that takes place in the

R……………….. hemisphere,

(c) S…………………………. categorization that depends on the

L…………………. hemisphere.

A

Visual

Perceptual

Right

Semantic

Left

29
Q

A……………………. processing

is a form of perceptual analysis that emphasizes the

C………………………… P…………………..

of an object and is associated with processing in the

L………………….. hemisphere.

A

Analytic

Component Parts

Left

30
Q

Analytic-processing impairments are seen in cases of

A………………………..

A

Alexia

31
Q

H……………………. processing

is a form of perceptual analysis that emphasizes the

O…………………. S…………………

of an object and is associated with processing in the

R……………….. hemisphere.

A

Holistic

Overall Shape

Right

32
Q

Holistic-processing impairments are often seen with

P………………………………

A

Prosopagnosia

33
Q

Neurophysiologists have recorded from neurons in various areas of the monkey brain, including the

S…………………….. T……………………….. S……………..,

which appear to respond selectively to face stimuli.

A

Superior Temporal Sulcus

34
Q

Functional MRI studies show that an area in the

F………………………. G…………………

of the T…………………… lobe

of humans is engaged during face perception.

This region is referred to as the fusiform face area, or

F……

A

Fusiform Gyrus

Temporal

FFA

35
Q

There is some debate as to whether the FFA is

selective for faces, or whether it is activated in perceptual

discrimination tasks that require find

D…………………………….

A

Discriminations

36
Q

When fMRI evidence is combined with data from patient

literature and the face

I……………………….. effect,

the selectivity of the FFA for face processing appears

to be the most plausible explanation for the functioning of that region.

A

Inversion

37
Q

The face I……………….. effect

reflects the phenomenon that, when faces are viewed in their normal orientation, they are

I…………………………. recognized.

However, recognition is much more difficult when the faces being viewed are

I…………………………

This is T…………….

in chimpanzees as well.

A

Inversion

Immediately

Inverted

True

38
Q

Studies show that we process information about our own faces

in the R…………….. hemisphere.

A

Right

39
Q

Just as the FFA is specialized for processing faces, the

P…………………….. P………………….. area (PPA)

is specialized for processing information about

S……………….. relations or

for C………………………. objects

based on spatial properties (e.g., an indoor versus outdoor scene).

A

Parahippocampal Place

Spatial

Classifying

40
Q

In general, visual imagery relies on the same neural mechanisms as

V………………… P…………………. does,

as demonstrated by psychophysics, neuroimaging, and TMS experiments.

A

Visual Perception

41
Q

Patients with higher order visual deficits have related

deficits in

V………………….. I…………………..

A

Visual Imagery

neuroscience (12 decks)

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