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A&P 1 > A&P 1.1 > Flashcards

A&P 1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define

Define: Anatomy

A

the study of the structure of the human body (bones, shape, structure and relation)

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2
Q

Define: Physiology

A

the study of the functioning of the human body (how things work to maintain life)

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3
Q

List the levels of organization of the body from smallest to largest

A

Chemical
(Molecular)
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
System
Organism

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4
Q

Levels of Organization

Describe the chemical level

A

the human body is made up of dozens of chemical elements which combine to form molecules which are the base for cells

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5
Q

List the most prevalent molecules in the body

A
  1. Carbon
  2. Hydrogen
  3. Nitrogen
  4. Oxygen
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6
Q

List some other popular/necessary molecules of the body

A

water
fat
protein
carbohydrates

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7
Q

Levels of Organization

Describe the cellular level

A

the smallest living unit of an organism which combines various molecules to make cells

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8
Q

Levels of Organization

Describe the tissue level

A

the combining of similar cells to perform a specialized function for the body

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9
Q

List the types of tissue

A
  1. muscle
  2. epithelial
  3. nervous
  4. connective
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10
Q

Levels of Organization

Describe the organ level

A

when 2 or more tissues combine to provide a function for the body

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11
Q

Levels of Organization

Describe the system level

A

when 2 or more organs combine to provide a function for the body

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12
Q

How many systems does the human body have?

A

11

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13
Q

Levels of Organization

Describe the organism level

A

when all 11 systems are working together to promote life

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14
Q

List the necessary life functions

A
  1. Growth
  2. Excretion
  3. Reproduction
  4. Metabolism (locomotion)
  5. Movement
  6. Responsiveness (muscle mvmnt)
  7. Digestion
  8. Maintaining boundaries
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15
Q

Necessary Life Functions

Describe the function of maintaining boundaries

A

keeping internal/external environments separate

(i.e. the skin)

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16
Q

Necessary Life Functions

Describe the movement function

A

skeletal muscles move food, waste, gas, etc throughout the body

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17
Q

Necessary Life Functions

Describe the responsiveness function

A

the ability to respond to external and internal stimuli

(i.e using skeletal, smooth and cardiac ms.)

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18
Q

Necessary Life Functions

Describe the digestion function

A

the ability to break down food into usable forms

food = building blocks & fuel of the body

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19
Q

Necessary Life Functions

Describe the function of metabolism

A

the sum of all cellular activity/chemical processes

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20
Q

Necessary Life Functions

Describe the function of excretion

A

the elimination of waste through urine, feces, exhalation and sweat

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21
Q

Necessary Life Functions

Describe the function of reproduction

A

the production of offspring to maintain the species where cells divide to produce daughter cells

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22
Q

Necessary Life Functions

What is needed within the body in order to reproduce?

A

cell growth must exceed cell destruction

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23
Q

Necessary Life Functions

Describe the growth function (what is needed)

A
  • hormones
  • nutrients from diet
  • cell growth must outweigh cell destruction
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24
Q

Define homeostasis

A

the ability to maintain a stable internal environment

“balance” or “equilibrium”

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25
What is the biggest factor that affects homeostasis?
stress ## Footnote can be physical, emotional, etc.
26
Define anatomical position
a universally agreed upon position that allows for universally clear and concise communication
27
What are the attributes of anatomical position?
1. body erect 2. head forward 3. arms at side 4. palms forward 5. feet forward and parallel
28
# Anatomical & Directional Terms prone
face down
29
# Anatomical & Directional Terms supine
face up
30
# Anatomical & Directional Terms superior
toward the head or an upper part of a structure of the body ## Footnote "above", cranial, cephalic
31
# Anatomical & Directional Terms inferior
away from the head/toward the lower part of the body ## Footnote caudal
32
# Anatomical & Directional Terms anterior
the front of the body ## Footnote ventral
33
# Anatomical & Directional Terms posterior
the back of the body ## Footnote dorsal
34
# Anatomical & Directional Terms medial
toward the midline of the body
35
# Anatomical & Directional Terms lateral
away from the midline of the body
36
# Anatomical & Directional Terms intermediate
between a more medial and a more lateral structure
37
# Anatomical & Directional Terms proximal
closer to the origin of the body or a limb's point of attachment to the body trunk
38
# Anatomical & Directional Terms distal
farther from the origin of the body/attachment to the body trunk
39
# Anatomical & Directional Terms superficial
toward the body surface ## Footnote (external)
40
# Anatomical & Directional Terms deep
away from the body surface ## Footnote (internal)
41
# Planes and Sections What are the three main planes of the body?
Sagittal Frontal Tranverse
42
# Planes and Sections How does the saggital plane split the body?
into left and right sides ## Footnote midsaggital = L/R split down the midline of the body
43
# Planes and Sections How does the frontal plane divide the body?
anterior and posterior ## Footnote (aka "coronal")
44
# Planes and Sections How does the transverse plane divide the body?
superior and inferior ## Footnote (aka "cross section")
45
# Body Cavities What are the two main body cavities?
Dorsal Ventral
46
# Body Cavities The dorsal cavity pertains to what portion of the body?
the back
47
# Body Cavities The ventral cavity pertains to what part of the body?
the front
48
# Body Cavities What cavities are contained within the dorsal cavity?
the cranial (brain) and vertebral (spine) cavities
49
# Body Cavities Which cavities are contained within the ventral cavity?
Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic
50
# Body Cavities What is contained within the thoracic cavity?
Heart Lungs
51
# Body Cavities What is contained within the abdominal cavity?
many organs, including: stomach pancreas intestines liver spleen kidneys gallbladder
52
# Body Cavities What is contained within the pelvic cavity?
urinary bladder internal reproductive organs some of the large intestine
53
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: head
cephalic region
54
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: neck
cervical region
55
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: shoulder
acromial region
56
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: shoulder blade
scapular region
57
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: armpit
axillary region
58
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: arm
brachial region ## Footnote (shoulder to elbow)
59
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: elbow
olecranal region
60
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: forearm
antebrachial region ## Footnote (elbow to wrist)
61
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: wrist
carpal region
62
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: palm
palmar surface
63
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: back of hand
dorsal surface
64
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: thumb
pollex
65
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: fingers
digits/phalanges
66
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: chest
thoracic/pectoral region
67
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: stomach
abdominal region
68
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: navel
umbilical region
69
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: between the navel and genitals
pelvic region ## Footnote "pelvic bowl"
70
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: groin
inguinal region
71
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: low back
lumbar region
72
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: buttocks
gluteal region
73
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: spine
vertebral region
74
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: thigh
femoral region ## Footnote hip to knee
75
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: knee (anterior)
patellar region
76
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: knee (posterior)
popliteal region
77
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: leg
leg or sural/crural region ## Footnote knee to ankle
78
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: calf
sural region
79
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: shin
crural region
80
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: ankle
tarsal region
81
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: heel
calcaneal region
82
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: top of the foot
dorsal surface
83
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: bottom of the foot
plantar surface
84
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: toes
digits/phalanges
85
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: big toe
hallux
86
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: arm, forearm wrist and hand
upper extremity
87
# Regional Terms What is the anatomical name for the region of the: thigh, leg, ankle and foot
lower extremity

A&P 1 (18 decks)

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