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a&p 1 > A&P 1.8 > Flashcards

A&P 1.8 Flashcards

1
Q

Joint Classification

How can we classify joints?

A

By function or structure

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2
Q

Joint Classification

Name the different types of joint function

A
  • Synarthroses
  • Amphiarthroses
  • Diarthroses
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3
Q

Joint Classification

Describe synarthroses joints

A
  • immovable
  • connected by fibrous tissue

Ex: cranial sutures, 1st rib/sternum

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4
Q

Joint Classification

Describe amphiarthroses joints

A
  • “semi-movable”
  • has a cartilaginous disc between bones

Ex: pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

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5
Q

Joint Classification

Describe diarthroses joints

A
  • highly movable
  • joint is surrounded by CT

Ex: glenohumeral, femoacetabular

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6
Q

Joint Classification

Name the different types of joints by structure

A
  • Fibrous
  • Cartilaginous
  • Synovial
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7
Q

Joint Classification

Define fibrous joints

A

bone to bone connected by dense CT

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8
Q

Joint Classification

Define cartilaginous joints

A

bone to bone joined by cartilage

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9
Q

Joint Classification

Define synovial joints

A

bone to bone surrounded by a CT capsule and filled with fluid

The type of joint MTs have the most effect on

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10
Q

Joint Classification

List the components of a synovial joint

A
  1. Articular cartilage
  2. Articular Capsule
  3. Joint cavity
  4. Synovial fluid
  5. Ligaments
  6. Reinforcing ligaments
  7. Articular discs (menisci)
  8. Bursae
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11
Q

Joint Classification

Describe articular cartilage

A

specialized cartilage that provides a smooth, frictionless gliding surface for bone to move over

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12
Q

Joint Classification

Describe the articular capsule

A

the envelope surrounding a synovial joint

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13
Q

Joint Classification

Which components make up the articular capsule?

A
  • Fibrous capsule
  • Synovial membrane
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14
Q

Joint Classification

Describe the fibrous capsule

A

outer layer of the articular capsule made of dense CT
- provides structure

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15
Q

Joint Classification

Describe the synovial membrane

A

inner lining of the articular capsule
- contains and creates synovial fluid

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16
Q

Joint Classification

Describe the joint cavity

A

space between the bones of synovial
joints which is filled with synovial fluid
- creates cushions

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17
Q

Joint Classification

List the function of ligaments

A
  • connect bone to bone
  • provide a framework for structures
  • strengthen joints
  • not responsible for movement
    - actually limt some movement to
    prevent twisting
  • stabilize muscle and bone
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18
Q

Joint Classification

Describe the characteristics of ligaments

A
  • poor blood supply
    - difficult to heal
  • have a set amount of elasticity
    - overstretching means that ligament is forever weakend and wont regain l original strength/elasticity
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19
Q

Joint Classification

Define reinforcing ligaments

A

hold bones together while limiting joint to a specific ROM

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20
Q

Joint Classification

Define articular discs by description and function

A

D) a piece of cartilage found where bones meet
F) protect against compression by providing cushions

AKA menisci

21
Q

Joint Classification

Describe bursae by description and function

A

D) thin sacs of CT that are filled with fluid and found in high compression areas
F) provide cushion

22
Q

Movements at Synovial Joints

List the different types of movement possible at a synovial joint

A
  • Flexion
  • Lateral flexion
  • Extension
  • Abduction
  • Adduction
  • Rotation
  • Medial (internal) rotation
  • Lateral (external) rotation
  • Circumduction

FLEA CALMR

23
Q

Movements at Synovial Joints

Define flexion

A
  • when the angle between articulating surfaces is decreased
  • generally occurs along the sagittal plane

“structures are brought closer together”

24
Q

Movements at Synovial Joints

Define lateral flexion

A
  • when the angle between articulating surfaces decreases in a lateral plane
  • only occurs at the neck and waist
  • occurs in the frontal (coronal) plane
25
Q

Movements at Synovial Joints

Define extension

A
  • when the angle between articulating surfaces is increased
  • may occur when the body returns to anatomical position from a flexed position (since the body is in extension in anatomical position)

Side note: define hyperextension

= a joint POSITION (the movement itself is still extension) which is past the point of anatomical position

26
Q

Movements at Synovial Joints

Define abduction

A
  • movement of the body part away from the midline
  • also occurs when “fanning”/spreading the digits along the frontal/lateral plane
27
Q

Movements at Synovial Joints

Define adduction

A

movement of the body part towards the midline

28
Q

Movements at Synovial Joints

Define rotation

A

movement of a body part around its own linear axis

29
Q

Movements at Synovial Joints

Define medial (internal) rotation

A
  • when the anterior surface of the body part moves toward the midline
  • occurs only at the hip and shoulder joints
30
Q

Movements at Synovial Joints

Define lateral (external) rotation

A
  • when the anterior surface of the body part moves away from the midline
  • occurs only at the hip and shoulder joints
31
Q

Movements at Synovial Joints

Define circumduction

A
  • when the procimal end of the body part remains stables and the distal ends makes a circular movement
  • is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
32
Q

Movements of Joints

List the specialized movements of the foot at the ankle joint

A
  1. Inversion (supination)
  2. Eversion (pronation)
  3. Plantarflexion
  4. Dorsiflexion
33
Q

Movements of Joints

Define inversion of the foot

A

occurs when the sole of the foot faces inward, toward the midline of the body

“supination” of the foot at the ankle

34
Q

Movements of Joints

Define eversion of the foot

A

occurs when the sole of the foot faces outward, away from the midline

“pronation” of the foot at the ankle

35
Q

Movements of Joints

List the specialized movements of the scapula

A
  1. Protraction (abduction)
  2. Retraction (adduction)
  3. Elevation
  4. Depression

Jaw movements use the same terminology

36
Q

Movements of Joints

Define protraction of the scapula

A

occurs when the scapula moves away from the midline of the body

“abduction” of the scapula at the clavicle?

37
Q

Movements of Joints

Define retraction of the scapula

A

occurs when the scapula moves toward the midline of the body

“adduction” of the scapula at the clavicle?

38
Q

Movements of Joints

Define elevation of the scapula

A

occurs when the scapula is moved upward vertically toward the ears (shrug motion)

39
Q

Movements of Joints

Define depression of the scapula

A

occurs when the scapula moves downward away from the head

40
Q

Movements of Joints

List the specialized movements of the forearm at the elbow

A
  1. Pronation
  2. Supination
41
Q

Movements of Joints

Define supination of the forearm at the elbow

A

occurs when the palm is facing upward or anteriorly

42
Q

Movements of Joints

Define pronation of the forearm at the elbow

A

occurs when the palm is facing downward or posteriorly

43
Q

Movements of Joints

List the specialized movements of the hand at the wrist

A
  1. Radial deviation
  2. Ulnar deviation
44
Q

Movements of Joints

Define radial deviation

A

the hand deviates away from midline of the body along the lateral/coronal plane

(thumb leads)

45
Q

Synovial Joints Based on Shape of Articulating Bones

List the different types

A
  1. Plane/gliding
  2. Hinge
  3. Pivot
  4. Saddle
  5. Ball and socket
  6. Condylar
46
Q

Movements of Joints

Define ulnar deviation

A

hand deviates toward the midline of the body along the lateral/coronal plane

(pinky leads)

47
Q

Movements of Joints

What is the name of the specialized movement of the pollex?

A

Opposition

48
Q

Movements of Joints

Define opposition

A

when the thumb moves to touch the tips of the other digits

a&p 1 (15 decks)

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