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A&P 1 > A&P 1.3 > Flashcards

A&P 1.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which bones are or are not included in the 206 bones in a healthy adult?

A
  • Included: Patella
  • Not Included: Wormian and all other sesamoid bones
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2
Q

The bone system of a person is divided into which parts?

A

Axial and Appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

The axial skeleton contains ____ bones

A

80

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4
Q

The axial skeleton includes which main areas of the body?

A

Head and trunk

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5
Q

The axial skeleton consists of which specific bone groups and how many of each?

A
  • Skull bones (22)
  • Auditory ossicles (6)
  • Hyoid bone (1)
  • Vertebrae (26)
  • Sternum (1)
  • Ribs (12 pairs = 24 total)
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6
Q

The appendicular skeleton contains ____ bones

A

126

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7
Q

The appendicular skeleton consists of which bone groups and how many of each?

A
  • Pectoral girdle (2 clavicles, 2 scapulas)
  • Upper extremity (30 each = 60 total)
  • Pelvic girdle (2)
  • Lower extremity (30 each = 60 total)
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8
Q

Bone Markings

Define tuberosity

A

A large, round projection;
may be roughened

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9
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of tuberosities

A
  • ischial (“sit bone”)
  • tibial
  • gluteal
  • deltoid
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10
Q

Bone Markings

Define crest

A

A narrow ridge of bone;
usually prominent

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11
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a crest

A

iliac

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12
Q

Bone Markings

Define trochanter

A

A very alrge, blunt, irregularly shaped process

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13
Q

Bone Markings

Example of trochanter

A

Greater & lesser femoral trochanter

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14
Q

Bone Markings

Define line

A

A narrow ridge of bone;
less prominent than a crest

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15
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of line

A
  • Gluteal
  • Linea aspera
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16
Q

Bone Markings

Deinfe tubercle

A

A small, rounded projection of process

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17
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of tubercle

A
  • Greater & lesser
  • Adductor
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18
Q

Bone Markings

Define epicondyle

A

A rasied area on or above a condyle

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19
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of epicondyle

A
  • Medial femoral
  • Lateral femoral
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20
Q

Bone Markings

Define spine

A

A sharp, slender, often pointed projection

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21
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of spine

A
  • Spinous process
  • Ischial spine
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22
Q

Bone Markings

Define process

A

Any bony prominence

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23
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a process

A
  • Mastoid
  • Transverse
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24
Q

Bone Markings

List the types of projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment

A
  • Spine
  • Process
  • Epicondyle
  • Crest
  • Tuberosity
  • Line
  • Tubercle
  • Trochanter

SPECT LTT

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25
Q

Bone Markings

List the types of projections that help to form joints

A
  • Condyle
  • Head
  • Ramus
  • Facet

CHRF

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26
Q

Bone Markings

Define head

A

A bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

Always the proximal end of the bone

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27
Q

Bone Markings

Examples of head

A
  • Femur
  • Humerus
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28
Q

Bone Markings

Define facet

A

Smooth, nearly flat articular (joining) surface

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29
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of facet

A

Ribs

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30
Q

Bone Markings

Define condyle

A

Rounded articular projection

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31
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a condyle

A
  • Femur
  • Tibia
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32
Q

Bone Markings

Define ramus

A

Armlike bar of bone

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33
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a ramus

A
  • pubis
  • ischium
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34
Q

Bone Markings

List the types of depressions and openings that allow for the passage of blood vessels and nerves

A
  • Groove
  • Fissure
  • Foramen
  • Notch
  • Meatus
  • Sinus
  • Fossa
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35
Q

Bone Markings

Define groove

A

“Furrow” (groove or depression)

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36
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a groove

A
  • Bicipital
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37
Q

Bone Markings

Define fissure

A

Narrow, slitlike opening

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38
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a fissure

A
  • eye sockets
  • orbital
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39
Q

Bone Markings

Define foramen

A

Round or oval opening through a bone
(“doughnut” hole/just a hole)

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40
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a foramen

A
  • Foramen magnum
  • Obturator foramen
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41
Q

Bone Markings

Define notch

A

Indentation at the edge of a structure

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42
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a notch

A

Greater sciatic notch

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43
Q

Bone Markings

Define meatus

A

Canal-like passageway (hole with length)

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44
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a meatus

A

External auditory meatus

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45
Q

Bone Markings

Define sinus

A

Cavity within a bone that’s filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

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46
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a sinus

A
  • Maxillary
  • Front
  • Erythmoid
  • Sphenoid
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47
Q

Bone Markings

Define fossa

A

Shallow, basinlike depressoin in a bone
(Often serving as an articular surface)

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48
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a fossa

A
  • Supraspinous
  • Mandibular
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49
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton

How many bones are in the skull and how many are in each category?

A

22
* 8 cranial bones
* 14 facial bones

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50
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton

What is the pupose of cranial bones?

A

Surround the brain for protection

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51
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton

What is the purpose of the facial bones?

A

Porivde the framework for the face

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52
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

List the different types of cranial bones

A
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Occipital
  • Temporal
  • Ethmoid
  • Sphenoid
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53
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

What is the purpose of the frontal bone?

A

Forms the roof of the orbit for the eyes

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54
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

What is the purpose of the parietal bones?

A

Form the side and top of the head

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55
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

What is the purpose of the occipital bone?

A
  • Helps to give the trapezius muscles their shape
  • Forms the lower part of the cranium = forms the base of the skull/cranial floor
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56
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

List the bone markings of the occipital bone

A
  • Foramen magnum
  • Superior nuchal line
  • External occipital protuberance (EOP)
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57
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

What is the purpose of the foramen magnum?

A

Provides space for/houses the spinal cord

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58
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

What is the purpose of the superior nuchal line?

A

Attachment point for the trapezius ms

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59
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

What is the purpose of the temporal lobes?

A

For the side and base of the head

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60
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

List the bone markings of the temporal bone

A
  • Mandibular fossa (articular fossa)
  • Mastoid process
  • External auditory meatus
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61
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

WHat is the purpose of the sphenoid bone?

A

Forms the base of the cranium

Aka “butterfly”, “bat” “moth” bone

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62
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

Why is the sphenoid bone a key stone bone?

A

It connects with every other cranial bone

63
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

What is the purpose of the ethmoid bone?

A

Forms the internal framework for the nasal cavity

64
Q
A
65
Q

How many bones are humans born with?

A

300

66
Q

How many bones does the average healthy adult have?

A

206

67
Q

Which bones are or are not included in the 206 bones in a healthy adult?

A
  • Included: Patella
  • Not Included: Wormian and al other sesamoid bones
68
Q

The bone system of a person is divided into which parts?

A

Axial and Appendicular skeleton

69
Q

The axial skeleton contains ____ bones

A

80

70
Q

The axial skeleton includes which main areas of the body?

A

Head and trunk

71
Q

The axial skeleton consists of which specific bone groups and how many of each?

A
  • Skull bunes (22)
  • Auditory ossicles (6)
  • Hyoid bone (1)
  • Vertebrae (26)
  • Sternum (1)
  • Ribs (12 pairs = 24 total)
72
Q

The appendicular skeleton contains ____ bones

A

126

73
Q

The appendicular skeleton consists of which bone groups and how many of each?

A
  • Pectoral girdle (2 clavicles, 2 scapulas)
  • Upper extremity (30 each = 60 total)
  • Pelvic girdle (2)
  • Lower extremity (30 each = 60 total)
74
Q

Bone Markings

Define tuberosity

A

A alrge, round projection;
may be roughened

75
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of tuberosities

A
  • ischial (“sit bone”)
  • tibial
  • gluteal
76
Q

Bone Markings

Define crest

A

A narrow ridge of bone;
usually prominent

77
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a crest

A

iliac

78
Q

Bone Markings

Define trochanter

A

A very alrge, blunt, irregularly shaped process

79
Q

Bone Markings

Example of trochanter

A

Greater & lesser femoral trochanter

80
Q

Bone Markings

Define line

A

A narrow ridge of bone;
less prominent than a crest

81
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of line

A
  • Gluteal
  • Linea aspera
82
Q

Bone Markings

Deinfe tubercle

A

A small, rounded projection of process

83
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of tubercle

A
  • Greater & lesser
  • Adductor
84
Q

Bone Markings

Define epicondyle

A

A rasied area on or above a condyle

85
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of epicondyle

A
  • Medial femoral
  • Lateral femoral
86
Q

Bone Markings

Define spine

A

A sharp, slender, often pointed projection

87
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of spine

A
  • Spinous process
  • Ischial spine
88
Q

Bone Markings

Define process

A

Any bony prominence

89
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a process

A
  • Mastoid
  • Transverse
  • Styloid
90
Q

Bone Markings

List the types of projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment

A
  • Spine
  • Process
  • Epicondyle
  • Crest
  • Tuberosity
  • Line
  • Tubercle
  • Trochanter

SPECT LTT

91
Q

Bone Markings

List the types of projections that help to form joints

A
  • Condyle
  • Head
  • Ramus
  • Facet

CHRF

92
Q

Bone Markings

Define head

A

A bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

Always the proximal end of the bone

93
Q

Bone Markings

Examples of head

A
  • Femur
  • Humerus
94
Q

Bone Markings

Define facet

A

Smooth, nearly flat articular (joining) surface

95
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of facet

A

Ribs

96
Q

Bone Markings

Define condyle

A

Rounded articular projection

97
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a condyle

A
  • Femur
  • Tibia
98
Q

Bone Markings

Define ramus

A

Armlike bar of bone

99
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a ramus

A
  • pubis
  • ischium
100
Q

Bone Markings

List the types of depressions and openings that allow for the passage of blood vessels and nerves

A
  • Groove
  • Fissure
  • Foramen
  • Notch
  • Meatus
  • Sinus
  • Fossa
101
Q

Bone Markings

Define groove

A

“Furrow” (groove or depression)

102
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a groove

A
  • Bicipital
103
Q

Bone Markings

Define fissure

A

Narrow, slitlike opening

104
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a fissure

A
  • eye sockets
  • orbital
105
Q

Bone Markings

Define foramen

A

Round or oval opening through a bone
(“doughnut” hole/just a hole)

106
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a foramen

A
  • Foramen magnum
  • Obturator foramen
107
Q

Bone Markings

Define notch

A

Indentation at the edge of a structure

108
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a notch

A

Greater sciatic notch

109
Q

Bone Markings

Define meatus

A

Canal-like passageway (hole with length)

110
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a meatus

A

External auditory meatus

111
Q

Bone Markings

Define sinus

A

Cavity within a bone that’s filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

112
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a sinus

A
  • Maxillary
  • Front
  • Erythmoid
  • Sphenoid
113
Q

Bone Markings

Define fossa

A

Shallow, basinlike depressoin in a bone
(Often serving as an articular surface)

114
Q

Bone Markings

Example(s) of a fossa

A
  • Supraspinous
  • Mandibular
115
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton

How many bones are in the skull and how many are in each category?

A

22
* 8 cranial bones
* 14 facial bones

116
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton

What is the pupose of cranial bones?

A

Surround the brain for protection

117
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton

What is the purpose of the facial bones?

A

Porivde the framework for the face

118
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

List the different types of cranial bones

A
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Occipital
  • Temporal
  • Ethmoid
  • Sphenoid
119
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

What is the purpose of the frontal bone?

A

Forms the roof of the orbit for the eyes

120
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

What is the purpose of the parietal bones?

A

Form the side and top of the head

121
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

What is the purpose of the occipital bone?

A
  • Helps to give the trapezius muscles their shape
  • Forms the lower part of the cranium = forms the base of the skull/cranial floor
122
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

List the bone markings of the occipital bone

A
  • Foramen magnum
  • Superior nuchal line
  • External occipital protuberance (EOP)
123
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

What is the purpose of the foramen magnum?

A

Provides space for/houses the spinal cord

124
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

What is the purpose of the superior nuchal line?

A

Attachment point for the trapezius ms

125
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

What is the purpose of the temporal lobes?

A

For the side and base of the head

126
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

List the bone markings of the temporal bone

A
  • Mandibular fossa (articular fossa)
  • Mastoid process
  • External auditory meatus
127
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

What is the purpose of the sphenoid bone?

A

Forms the base of the cranium

Aka “butterfly”, “bat” “moth” bone

128
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

Why is the sphenoid bone a key stone bone?

A

It connects with every other cranial bone

129
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

What is the purpose of the ethmoid bone?

A

Forms the internal framework for the nasal cavity

130
Q

How many bones are humans born with?

A

300

131
Q

How many bones does the average healthy adult have?

A

206

132
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

Describe the ethmoid bone & its location

A
  • porous
  • wispy
  • highly innervated
  • at the roof of the nose
133
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

List the bone markings of the ethmoid bone

A
  • Perpendicular plate
  • Superior nasal conchae
  • Middle nasal conchae
134
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Cranial Bones/Markings

What purpose for the ethmoid bone serve in the cranium?

A

Forms the internal framework for the nasal cavity

135
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Sutures

Define a suture

A
  • Where cranial bones come together to form a joint

A dense, fibrous tissue between bones

Generally thought of as immobile, but have slight movement

136
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Sutures

Define sagittal suture

A
  • Down the center of the skull.
  • Separates both parietal bones/dplits body into left and right sides
137
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Sutures

Define coronal suture

A
  • Between the frontal and parietal bones.
  • Along the crown of head
  • Separates body into anterior and posterior
138
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Sutures

Define squamous suture

A
  • At the base of the parietal bones
  • Runs between temporal and pariatel bones
139
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Sutures

Describe lambdoid suture

A
  • At the posterior aspect of the head
  • Connects parietal bones with the occipital bone
140
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings

Describe the attributes of the mandible

A
  • largest and strongest facial bone
  • houses the lower set of teeth

aka “jaw”

141
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings

Name the bone marking found on the mandible

A

Mandibular condyle (aka condylar process)

142
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings

Describe the attributes of the maxillae

A
  • houses the upper set of teeth
  • forms the anterior palette
  • articulates with all facial bones ASIDE FROM the mandible
143
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings

The Zygomatic bones are generally known as

A

Cheek bones

144
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings

Describe the nasal facial bone

A

the “bridge of the nose”

145
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings

Describe the function of the lacrimal bone

A
  • houses the tear ducts
  • drains in ansal cavity
146
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings

Describe the function of the palatine bone

A

forms the posterior part of the hard palette

147
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings

Describe the inferior nasal conchae and thei purpose

A
  • project inward off of later nasal cavity
  • warm, moister and filter air
148
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Paranasal Siuses

Describe paranasal sinuses

A
  • open cavities in the bone surounding the nasal cavity
  • lined with mm
149
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings

Describe the funtions of paranasal sinuses

A
  • warm and moisten breathed air
  • act as a resonating chamber for speech
  • air filter
  • lightens the skull
150
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings

How are the paranasal sinuses named?

A

By the bones that house them

151
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Facial Bones & Markings

A
152
Q

Divisions of the Axial Skeleton: Auditory Ossicles

How do ossicles let you know when youre finished

A
153
Q
A

A&P 1 (12 decks)

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