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A&P 1 > A&P 1.9 > Flashcards

A&P 1.9 Flashcards

1
Q

Synovial Joints Based on Shape of Articulating Bones

List the different types

A
  1. Plane/gliding
  2. Hinge
  3. Pivot
  4. Saddle
  5. Ball and socket
  6. Condylar
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2
Q

Synovial Joints Based on Shape of Articulating Bones

Describe plane/gliding joints

A
  • flat articulating surfaces that permit the simplest kind of movement (side-side and back-forth)
  • least ROM of all synovial joints

translation

Ex: carpals, tarsals, ribs/vertebrae, knee (patella and femur)

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3
Q

Synovial Joints Based on Shape of Articulating Bones

Describe hinge joints

A

a rounded bone that fits into a trough shaped bone to permit movement similar to a hinged door

flexion and extension

Ex: elbow (ulna 7 humerus), knee (femur & tibia), ankle (tibia & talus) and between phalanges

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4
Q

Synovial Joints Based on Shape of Articulating Bones

Describe pivot joints

A
  • a rounded end of bone that fits into the sleeve or ring of a bone
  • permit rotation (one structure is stationary for another to move around)

Ex: atlas and axis (C1-C2), radioulnar joint

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5
Q

Synovial Joints Based on Shape of Articulating Bones

Describe condylar joints

A
  • egg shaped surface that fits into an oval cavity
  • “ellipsoid”
  • slight ROM

flexion & extension, radial deviation (abduction), ulnar deviation (addu

Ex: wrist (distal radius with scaphoid & lunate), metacarpals/metatarsals and phalanges

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6
Q

Synovial Joints Based on Shape of Articulating Bones

Describe saddle joints

A

both articular surfaces have convex and concave areas
- “modified ellipsoidal”

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction, opposition

Ex: base of pollex (trapezium and 1st metacarpal)

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7
Q

Synovial Joints Based on Shape of Articulating Bones

Describe ball and socket joints

A
  • round head of one bone fits into the round socket of another
  • very high ROM

flexion, extension, aB/aDduction, medial/lateral rotation, circumduction

Ex: hip joint (femoacetabular), shoulder (glenohumoral)

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8
Q

Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology

Neck

A

flexion/extension
lateral flexion
rotation
circumduction

Occiput, C1-C7

Head at neck

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9
Q

Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology

Shoulder

A

Flexion/extension
medial/lateral rotation
ab/adduction
circumduction

Humerus, scapula

Arm at shoulder

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10
Q

Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology

Elbow

A

Flexion/extension
pronation/supination

humerus, ulna & radius

Forearm at elbow

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11
Q

Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology

Wrist

A

flexion/extension
radial/ulnar deviation
circumduction

Radius, scaphoid, lunate

Hand at wrist

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12
Q

Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology

Fingers (proximal)

A

flexion/extension
ab/adduction
circumduction

metacarpals & phalanges

Digits or phalanges

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13
Q

Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology

Waist

A

flexion/extension
lateral flexion
rotation
circumduction

L1-L5

trunk or torso at waist

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14
Q

Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology

Fingers (distal)

A

Flexion/extension

Phalanges & phalanges

Digits or phalanges

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15
Q

Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology

Hip

A

flexion/extension
medial/lateral rotation
ab’adduction
circumduction

coxal bone and femur

thigh at hip

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16
Q

Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology

Knee

A

flexion/extension

femur, patella & tibia

leg at knee

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17
Q

Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology

Ankle

A

dorsi/plantar flexion
circumduction
eversion/inversion

tibia, talus, calcaneal

foot at ankle

18
Q

Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology

Toes (proximal)

A

flexion/extension
ab/adduction
circumduction

metatarsals to phalanges

digits or phalanges

19
Q

Joints of the Body - List movements, bones involved & proper terminology

Toes (distal)

A

flexion/extension

phalanges to phalanges

digits or phalanges

20
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

List the ligaments of the neck

A

Ligamentum nuchae (nuchal ligament)

21
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

Describe the nuchal ligament

A
  • runs from EOP inferiorly to spinous process of C7 (typically. Sometimes goes to T1)
  • creates support in flexion of the head at the neck
22
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

List the ligaments of the shoulder

A
  1. Acromioclavicular
  2. Coracoclavicular
  3. Coracoacromial
  4. Transverse humeral ligament
23
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

Describe the acromioclavicular ligament

A

CT that holds clavicle to acromion

24
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

Describe the coracoclavicular ligament

A

creates stability when there is pulling that may separate the scapula and clavicle

technically two parts to it, but refered to as a unit

25
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

Describe the coracoacromial ligament

A

creates stability along the scapula to contrast the pull of pectoralis minor and brachial muscle

26
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

Describe the transverse humeral ligament

A

support to keep bicipetal groove muscle in place

27
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

Describe the inguinal ligament

A
  • runs from ASIS to pubis
  • control of coxal bone against all sorts of pulling from different directions
28
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

Describe the sacrotuberus ligament

A

supports from PSIS along sacrum to ischial tuberosity

29
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

Describe the posterior & anterior sacroiliac ligament

A

provide stability between sacrum and coxal bone

30
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

List the ligaments of the hip joint

A
  1. Iliofemoral
  2. Ischiofemoral
  3. Pubofemoral
31
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

Describe the ligaments of the hip joint specifically and how they differ from other ligaments of the body

A

curved to allow for more movement/ROM while maintaining stability

32
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

List the ligaments of the knee

A
  1. Medial meniscus
  2. Lateral meniscus
  3. Tibial (medial) collateral
  4. Fibular (lateral) collateral
  5. Anterior cruciate
  6. Posterior cruciate
  7. Patellar
33
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

Describe the tibial (medial) collateral ligament

A

MCL
- provides support on the medial knee
- prevents lateral tibial movement

34
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

Describe the fibular (lateral) collateral ligament

A

LCL
- opposes purpose of MCL to support the lateral knee and prevent medial fibular movement
- tearing this can also happen with a sudden blow to the fibula

35
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

Describe the anterior cruciate ligament

A
  • runs from posterior femur to anterior tibia
  • prevents posterior movement of the femur (aka anterior movement of tibia)
  • most commonly torn
36
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

Describe the posterior cruciate ligament

A
  • runs from posterior tibia to anterior femur
37
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

List the joints of the ankle

A
  • Medial/Deltoid ligament
  • Lateral ligaments
38
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

List the 4 minor ligaments of the medial/deltoid ligament

A
  1. tibionavicular
  2. anterior tibiotalar
  3. posterior tibiotalar
  4. tibiocalcaneal
39
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

Describe the medial/deltoid ligament

A
  • has 4 parts
  • create dense layer of CT on medial ankle
    * very difficult to strain
40
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

Describe the lateral ligaments of the ankle

A
  • 90% of all ankle sprains
  • has 3 separate ligaments
41
Q

Major Ligaments of Joints

List the 3 ligaments of the lateral ankle ligaments

A
  1. inferior talofibular
  2. posterior talofibular
  3. calcaneofibular

A&P 1 (15 decks)

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