A&P: Cardiovascular System - Heart

Question 1

Name the serous membrane that surrounds the heart and lines the pericardial cavity

Answer 1

pericardium

Question 2

A thin sac encloses the heart to protect it from contact with the chest wall and other structures within the chest. What is this sac called?

Answer 2

Pericardium

Question 3

This is the a serous membrane that covers the heart organ, but more specifically is the visceral layer of the pericardium

Answer 3

epicardium

Question 4

This is the cardiac muscle layer of the heart wall

Answer 4

myocardium

Question 5

This is the inner lining of the heart

Answer 5

endocardium

Question 6

The heart lies in the __________ cavity

Answer 6

pericardial

Question 7

This part of th pericardium lines the inner surface of pericardial sac (of the pericardial cavity)

Answer 7

parietal pericardium

Question 8

Be able to follow the blood flow of the heart and know what type of blood is found here.

Answer 8

check answer on A&P notes on doc on page 22

Question 9

Be able to label the diagram of the heart. Include other names for valves, if possible.

Answer 9

check answer on notes

Question 10

Where does blood flow after leaving the superior and inferior vena cava

Answer 10

right atrium

Question 11

These types of vessles carry blood AWAY from heart

Answer 11

arteries (efferent vessels)

Question 12

These types of vessels carry blood TOWARD the heart

Answer 12

veins (afferent vessels)

Question 13

These are thin-walled vessels between the smallest arteries/veins

Answer 13

capillaries

Question 14

Why is it important for capillaries to be thin?

Answer 14

for gas exchange

Question 15

What is another name(s) for the bicuspid valve?

Answer 15

mitral valve
left atrioventricular valve

Question 16

Where do pulmonary arteries deliver blood?

Answer 16

lungs

Question 17

Which vessel takes oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Answer 17

pulmonary vein

Question 18

Which vessel does blood enter after leaving the left ventricle?

Answer 18

aorta

Question 19

Where does blood flow after leaving the aorta?

Answer 19

out to body tissue

Question 20

Which major vessels bring blood back to the right atrium?

Answer 20

superior and inferior vena cavae

Question 21

Which chambers of the heart contain deoxygenated blood?

Answer 21

Right atrium
Right ventricle

Question 22

Which chambers of the heart contain oxygenated blood?

Answer 22

Left atrium and left ventricle

Question 23

What type of blood does the pulmonary artery contain?

Answer 23

deoxygenated blood

Question 24

Do the vena cavae contain deoxygenated or oxygenated blood?

Answer 24

deoxygenated

Question 25

What is the name of the valve that lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery?

Answer 25

pulmonary valve/pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 26

What is the name of the valve that lies between the left ventricle and aorta ?

Answer 26

aortic valve/aortic semilunar valve

Question 27

________ circulation supplies blood to the muscles of the heart

Answer 27

coronary

Question 28

What is the function of coronary arteries?

Answer 28

coronary arteries branch off of the aorta and supply oxygenated blood to the tissues of the heart

Question 29

What is defined as a series of events that make up a complete heart beat

Answer 29

cardiac cycle

Question 30

Compare systolic pressure from diastole pressure

Answer 30

**Systolic Pressure**: pressure exerted on arterial walls during ventricular systole (contraction) **Diastolic pressure**: pressure remaining within the arteries during ventricular diastole (relaxation)

Question 31

The heatbeat sounds like the "Lubb-dupp." What is happening during the lubb sound?

Answer 31

Lubb sound = ventricular systle (AV valves close)

Question 32

The heatbeat sounds like the "Lubb-dupp." What is happening during the dupp sound?

Answer 32

Dupp = ventricular diastole (seminlinar valves closing) | Seminlunar valves = pulmonary/aortic valves

Question 33

What is known as the pacemaker of the heart? Where is it located?

Answer 33

SA node located in the right atrium

Question 34

What is the sequence in which an impulse travels in the cardiac conduction system?

Answer 34

1. SA node 2. AV node 3. AV bundle (Bundle of His) 4. Bundle branches 5. Purkinje fibers

Question 35

Know what happens during the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave of an EKG

Answer 35

- **P wave** = depolarization of atria (will lead to atrial contraction) - **QRS complex** = ventricles depolarize (will lead to ventricle contraction) - **T wave** = ventricle repolarization

Question 36

Why dont you see atrial repolarization on an EKG?

Answer 36

Atrial repolarization occurs while ventricles are depolarizing, so they are masked by the large QRS complex

Question 37

What condition is defined as having a fast heart rate

Answer 37

tachycardia

Question 38

What condition is defined as having a slow heart rate

Answer 38

brachycardia

Question 39

Name and describe the three layers of the arterial wal

Answer 39

**Tunica externa**: sheat of connective tissue surrounding the vessel **Tunica media**: middle layer of smooth muscle **Tunica interna (intima)**: innermost that include endothelium

Question 40

Describe this vessel type: **Elastic Arteries** Include: Size of Vessel, Size/Structure of Vessel Wall, Function, and Examples

Answer 40

**Size of Vessel** - Largest arteries **Size/Structure of Vessel Wall** - Thicker walls that contain lots of elastic fibers in the tunica media **Function** - Stretch when blood is forced out of the heart - Recoil under low pressure **Examples**: - Aorta

Question 41

Describe this vessel type: **Muscular Arteries** Include: Size of Vessel, Size/Structure of Vessel Wall, Function, and Examples

Answer 41

**Size of Vessel** - Medium-sized arteries **Size/Structure of Vessel Wall** - Tunica media with more smooth muscle, but less elastic fibers **Function** - Regulate blood flow via vasoconstriction/vasodilation **Examples**: - Arteries that branch off the elastic arteries

Question 42

Describe this vessel type: **Arterioles** Include: Size of Vessel, Size/Structure of Vessel Wall, Function

Answer 42

**Size of Vessel** - Small arteries (that lead to capillary beds) **Size/Structure of Vessel Wall** - Thin tunica media with mostly smooth muscle **Function** - Control blood flow to capillaries - Primary vessels inv with vasoconstriction/vasodilation **Examples**: - x

Question 43

Describe this vessel type: **Venules** Include: Size of Vessel, Size/Structure of Vessel Wall, Function

Answer 43

**Size of Vessel** - Small veins (that exit capillary beds) **Size/Structure of Vessel Wall** - Thin, porous walls with few muscle cells/fibers **Function** - Empty blood into larger veins **Examples**: - x

Question 44

Describe this vessel type: **Veins** Include: Size of Vessel, Size/Structure of Vessel Wall, Function

Answer 44

**Size of Vessel** - Large veins **Size/Structure of Vessel Wall** - Thin tunica media and tunica internal, but wide lumens **Function** - Carry blood back to the heart - Have valves prevent backflow of blood **Examples**: - x

Question 45

_________ ____________ ________ pushes the blood through the veins and pressure during respiration

Answer 45

skeletal muscle movement

Question 46

Define: **Stroke volume**

Answer 46

volume of blood the heart ejects with each beat

Question 47

Define: **Cardiac Output**

Answer 47

amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute

Question 48

What is the equation for cardiac output?

Answer 48

CO (mL/min) = SV (mL) x HR (bpm)

Question 49

List 3 factors that control cardiac output

Answer 49

- Blood volume - Autonomic innervation that regulates HR - Hormones

Question 50

Define: **Periperial Resistance**

Answer 50

resistance of the vessels to the flow of blood as a result of friction

Question 51

Which blood vessel is under the highest pressure and has the largest diameter?

Answer 51

aorta

Question 52

Which blood vessels associated with the heart are under the lowest blood pressure?

Answer 52

Superior and Inferior venae cavae

Question 53

Define: **Blood volume**

Answer 53

the sum of the formed elements and plasma volume in the vascular system

Question 54

A myocardial infarction affect what blood vessels?

Answer 54

Coronary artery