A&P: Male Reproductive System

Question 1

What is the chromosome number in sperm?

Answer 1

• 1n (or 23 chromosomes), because sperm are haploid cells (n = 23)

Question 2

What is defined as reproductive organs that produces hormones and gametes?

Answer 2

Gonads

Question 3

Name the gonads found in males vs females

Answer 3

• Testes - gonads in males
• Ovaries - gonads in females

Question 4

What is defined as reproductive cells that are made by gonads that are the product of meiosis, resulting in haploid cells

Answer 4

Gametes

Question 5

Name the gametes found in males vs females

Answer 5

• Sperm (males)
• Ova/egg (females)

Question 6

Fertilization is when male and female ____ unit to produce a ____ cell.

Answer 6

gametes; diploid

Question 7

What is defined as the single cell created at fertilization?

Answer 7

Zygote

Question 8

What is the chromosome number in zygotes?

Answer 8

• 2n because a zygote is the cell made after fertilization, which means when the sperm (1n) and egg (1n) unite, it will create the zygote that has (2n)

Question 9

Know the passageway of sperm (How does it exit the body)

Answer 9

• Seminiferous Tubules (within Testes) -> Epididymis -> Vas/Ductus deferens -> Ejaculatory Duct -> Ejaculatory Duct passes through Prostate gland -> Urethra -> (tip of) Penis

Question 10

Testes are gonads that are located within the _____

Answer 10

scrotum

Question 11

What male reproductive organ “houses” the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 11

• testes

Question 12

What male reproductive organ does spermatogenesis take place?

Answer 12

Seminiferous Tubules

Question 13

T/F: Sperm are made in the seminiferous tubules and are mobile when made here

Answer 13

False, they are immotile and immature when in the seminiferous tubules, but they mature and gain motility when in the epididymis

Question 14

What are the two cells found INSIDE the seminiferous tubules of the testes? What are their individual functions?

Answer 14

• Spermatogenic cells = make immature sperm
• Sertoli cells = nurse/helps sperm develop

Question 15

What cell is found OUTSIDE the seminiferous tubules? What is its function?

Answer 15

• Interstitial (Leydig) cells = secrete testosterone OUTSIDE seminiferous tubules

Question 16

What is defined as the tube coiled on the outer surface of the testis?

Answer 16

Epididymis

Question 17

What happens to sperm when they are in the epididymis?

Answer 17

• Sperm mature/stored here, and gain mobility
• Sperm is pushes through the epididymis via peristalsis (SM contraction)

Question 18

What male organ is cut during a vasectomy?

Answer 18

Vas/Ductus deferens

Question 19

The Vas/Ductus deferens is a ___ tube that moves upward and connects with the duct of the __________ ______.

Answer 19

muscular
seminal vesicle

Question 20

What is the name of the duct that is formed from the fusion of the end of the Vas/Ductus deferens and the Duct of the Seminal Vesicle?

Answer 20

Ejaculatory Duct

Question 21

T/F: The urethra only allows for urine to exit the male body, and sperm exits the male both through a different tube

Answer 21

False

Question 22

Describe spermatogenisis

Answer 22

• Spermatogenesis takes place in the seminiferous tubules
• Spermatogonium (2n) enters mitosis and will either stay as spermatogonium or will enter meiosis
  -> One Primary spermatocyte (2n) -> Enters Meiosis I -> Two Secondary spermatocyte (1n) -> Enters Meiosis II -> Four spermatids (1n) -> Four sperm (1n)

Question 23

T/F: Semen only include sperm

Answer 23

• False, because semen is a mixture of sperm and secretions of accessory glands (seminal fluid)

Question 24

What 3 things does the seminal vesicle secrete? What are their functions?

Answer 24

• Secretes alkaline fluid (regulates pH)
• Secretes fructose (sugar = E for sperm)
• Secrete prostaglandins (stimulate SM contraction in male and females)

Question 25

What is responsible for secreting energy for sperm and prostaglandins that stimulate SM contraction?

Answer 25

Seminal Vesicle

Question 26

What does the prostate gland secrete and what is its purpose?

Answer 26

- alkaline, milky fluid to neutralize acidic secretions of vagina and increase sperm motility

Question 27

What gland secretes substances that increases sperm motility?

Answer 27

Prostate gland

Question 28

What gland secretes a substance that lubricated the end of the penis for preparation of sexual intercourse?

Answer 28

Bulbourethral Glands

Question 29

T/F: Semen is slightly acidic

Answer 29

False, semen in slightly alkaline

Question 30

What does the head of the sperm contain?

Answer 30

- Nucleus (chromosomes) and acrosome

Question 31

What does the acrosome contain and where is it located?

Answer 31

- Acrosome is located in the head and contains enzymes to help sperm penetrate egg

Question 32

What does the midpiece of the sperm contain? What is the purpose?

Answer 32

- contains many mitochondria (E to move)

Question 33

What does the tail contain? What is its role?

Answer 33

- flagella that moves sperm

Question 35

What male organ is described as the pouch of skin that contains the testes?

Answer 35

Scrotum

Question 36

What are the 2 functions of the scrotum?

Answer 36

- Protects testes - Contains SM (so it can contract/relax to control temperature regulation for idea sperm production and survival)

Question 37

What will happen to the scrotum if the temperature is too cold and/or too hot?

Answer 37

- If cold = SM contracts = raises scrotum toward body = increase temperature - If warm = SM releases = scrotum lowers away from body = decrease temperature

Question 38

What is the name of the tubular organ that the urethra passes through in males?

Answer 38

Penis

Question 39

Name the pathway in which testosterone gets released

Answer 39

- Pathway: Hypothalamus -> Gonadotropin-releasing hormone -> Anterior pituitary -> LH + FSH - **LH** -> Leydig cells -> Release testosterone - **FSH** -> Sertoli cells -> Inhibin and support spermatogensis

Question 40

What are the 3 effects testosterone has on the male body?

Answer 40

- Develops secondary sex characteristics (puberty) - Increases metabolism - Stimulate sexual activity

Question 41

Name the pathway that causes the stimulation of sertoli cells to support spermatogenesis

Answer 41

- Pathway: Hypothalamus -> Gonadotropin-releasing hormone -> Anterior pituitary -> FSH -> Sertoli cells -> Support spermatogenesis