A & P - RESPIRATORY

Question 1

How do vocal cords work

Answer 1

-posterior criccoartyneoid muscle: OPEN (abduction folds)
-lateral cricoarytenoid muscle: CLOSED (adduction folds, produce vibration; sound)

Question 2

internal & external respiration

Answer 2

INTERNAL: O2 in bloodstream deposited into tissue throughout body
EXTERNAL: bringing O2 from external environment into alveoli of lungs to be deposited into bloodstream

Question 3

what structures are in conducting zone/ respiratory zone

Answer 3

CONDUCTING ZONE (bringing air into lungs): nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
RESPIRATORY ZONE (main site of gas exchange): respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

Question 4

lower & upper respiratory tract

Answer 4

UPPER: nasal cavity, pharynx
LOWER: larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, secondary-segmental bronchi, tertiary bronchi, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

Question 5

what produces sound in vocal cords

Answer 5

air passing through closed vocal cords

Question 6

Carina

Answer 6

-where bronchi divide
-highly sensitive area for cough reflex

Question 7

when you breathe air into lungs, how much air actually reaches respiratory bronchioles

Answer 7

70%

Question 8

CO2 carried in blood

Answer 8

bicarbonate (70% converted)

Question 9

which layer of trachea has C-shaped rings

Answer 9

hyaline cartilage

Question 10

respiratory zone includes:

Answer 10

-respiratory bronchioles
-alveolar ducts
-alveolar sacs
-alveoli

Question 11

what is Eupnea

Answer 11

normal, quiet breathing

Question 12

which of these are part of alveolar walls

Answer 12

-type I, type II alveolar cells
-epithelial basement membrane
-capillary membrane & endothelium
-NOT MUCUS producing cells

Question 13

pressure and volume (Boyles Law)

Answer 13

INVERSELEY proportional (related)

Question 14

Surfactant

Answer 14

increases surface tension (type II alveolar cells secrete)

Question 15

what decreases resistance

Answer 15

wider airway

Question 16

Dalton’s Law is related to gases in a…

Answer 16

mixture of gases
= independent from one another

Question 17

fluid in pleural membrane

Answer 17

decrease friction
-parietal & visceral layers

Question 18

T/F - do terminal bronchioles lead into respiratory bronchioles

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

Respiratory bronchioles vs/ Terminal bronchioles

Answer 19

-respiratory bronchioles: perform gas exchange
-terminal bronchioles: perform air conduction

Question 20

factors the affect pulmonary ventilation

Answer 20

-surface tension of alveolar fluid
-compliance of lungs
-airway resistance

Question 21

3 main types of cells in pulmonary lobule & their function

Answer 21

-Type I alveolar cells: main site of gas exchange
-Type II alveolar cells: surfactant, lower surface tension
-Alveolar macrophages: dust cells, remove dust / debris

Question 22

what part of brain controls respiration

Answer 22

medulla oblongata & pontines

Question 23

which muscles are involved in normal, quiet inhalation

Answer 23

external intercostals & diaphragm

Question 24

which muscles are involved in forced / laboured inhalation

Answer 24

scalenes, pec minor, SCM

Question 25

which muscles are involved in forced / laboured exhalation

Answer 25

abdominal, internal intercostal muscles

Question 26

which muscles are involved in normal, quiet exhalation

Answer 26

diaphragm, external intercostals

Question 27

% of oxygen that is carried in blood by hemoglobin

Answer 27

98.5%

Question 28

cells that produce surfactant

Answer 28

type II alveolar cells

Question 29

amount of air left in lungs

Answer 29

residual air

Question 30

hemoglobin molecules bind to __ atoms of iron, allowing it to bind to __ molecules of oxygen

Answer 30

4, 4

Question 31

person placed on supplemental oxygen at hospital, this is most directly an applicant of...

Answer 31

Henry's Law (gasses & fluids)

Question 32

Rule #1

Answer 32

high concentration to low concentration

Question 33

which are not part of conducting zone

Answer 33

respiratory zone

Question 34

how many lobes does each lung have

Answer 34

-LEFT: 2 lobes -RIGHT: 3 lobes

Question 35

lowest part of upper respiratory tract

Answer 35

pharynx

Question 36

epiglottis during breathing & eating

Answer 36

-OPEN: during breathing -CLOSED: during eating

Question 37

what structures help form recognizable speach

Answer 37

-face -neck -mouth -pharynx -nasal cavity

Question 38

which factors decrease airflow in respiratory system

Answer 38

increased parasympathetic activity

Question 39

chemoreceptors detect level of...

Answer 39

O2, CO2, H+

Question 40

where internal respiration takes place

Answer 40

body

Question 41

where external respiration takes place

Answer 41

alveoli