A & P - URINARY SYSTEM Flashcards
what does the urinary system consist of?
2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 urinary bladder
1 urethra
functions of the urinary system
-excretion of waste
-regulation of blood ions, blood pH, blood volume, blood pressure, blood glucose
-maintenance of blood osmolarity
-production of hormones
what structures make up the hilum
hilum: in cavity of renal sinus
-contains renal pelvis, calyces, branches of renal blood vessels & nerves
-blood supply: starts in hilum in renal artery off abdominal aorta
path of urinary drainage / filtrate through kidney
->nephron
->collecting duct
->papillary duct
->minor calyx
->major calyx
->renal pelvis
->ureter
->urinary bladder
->urethra
3 layers of glomerular filtration
- fenestrations
- basement membrane
- podocytes with pedicles
how much urine is held in the bladder
700-800 ml
1-2L excreted a day
what is the muscle in the bladder called?
detrusor
how long the urethra is in male & female
female: 4cm long
male: 20cm long
+ / - pressures in nephrons in terms of Bowman’s Capsule
filtration pressure:
-glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure: solutes out of blood into bowman’s capsule = promote filtration (+)
-capsular hydrostatic pressure: pressure of fluid filled capsule
-blood colloid osmotic pressure: pressure of plasma proteins pulling on water: solutes back into bloodstream = opposing filtration (-)
primary vs. secondary active transport
PRIMARY: Na+, K+ pump (Na one way, K+ the other way)
SECONDARY: anything else
-symporter: transports in SAME direction
-antiporter: transports in OPPOSITE direction
which transport uses symporters & antiporters?
SECONDARY active transport
what do you pump in the ascending loop?
Na+ - SALT
what is the renal corpuscle made of?
Glomerulus: glomerular capillaries -> where filtration takes place
Bowman’s Capsule: surrounds glomerular capillaries
what is secreted at the distal convoluted tubule? (DCT)
K+: by leakage
H+: by pumps
DYSURIA (temrinology)
painful urination
ENURESIS (terminology)
involuntary voiding
NOCTURNAL ENURESIS (terminology)
night time bed wetting (young children up to 5)
POLYURIA (terminolgy)
excessive urination
UREMIA (terminology)
toxic levels of urea in bloodstream
layers of detrusor & what they hold
- inner longitudinal: relaxed when peeing
- middle circular: form internal urethra sphincter controlled by ANS - involuntary control
- outer longitudinal: formed by skeletal muscles - voluntary control
level of spinal cord that controls micturition reflex
S2 & S3
when urinary incontinence is normal vs. when it is not
-lack of voluntary control of micturition
normal in infants up to 2-3 years old (muscles not fully developed)
path of blood supply to kidneys from abdominal aorta
->renal artery off abdominal aorta into hilum
->segmental arteries
->interlobar
->arcuate
->cortical radiate
->afferent arterioles
->glomerular capillaries
->efferent arterioles
2 types of nephrons - which dip further into medulla
-juxtamedullary nephron: 15-20% of all nephrons, deep in cortex close to medulla = LONG loop of Henle
-cortical nephron: 80-85% of all nephrons, outer portion of cortex = SHORT loop of Henle (thick segment)
