A. V

Question 1

Inflammation common symptoms

Answer 1

Redness
Warmth
Swelling
Pain
Fever
Loss of function

Question 2

Redness happens due to

Answer 2

Vasodilation

Question 3

Ket mediators of vasodilation

Answer 3

Histamine
Prostaglandins
Bradykinin

Question 4

What mediated pain in case of inflammation

Answer 4

Bradykinine

PGE2

Question 5

Acute inflammation vascular change

Answer 5

Vasodilation -> Increased blood flow + Increased vascular permeability -> Bring blood and proteins to site of infection

Question 6

Transudate is formed when

Answer 6

Fluid leaks out bcs. of increased hydrostatic preasure

Question 7

Transudate=

Answer 7

Low protein content

Few cells

Question 8

Exudate is formed bcs, of

Answer 8

Vascular permeability is increased

Question 9

Exudate=

Answer 9

High protein content

May contain white/red blood cells

Question 10

What causes increased Vascular permeability?

Answer 10

Endothelial cell contraction -> Gaps

Question 11

What is the main cellular event in case of acute inflammation?

Answer 11

Leukocyte reqruiment to the site of injury

Question 12

Leukocyte job in inflammation

Answer 12

Ingest
Kill bacteria
Eliminate necrotic tissue

Question 13

Leukocyte migration through blood vessels

Answer 13

Margination and rolling
Adhesion to endothelium
Transmigration btw. endot. cells
Migration in interstitial tissue

Question 14

Which cytokines promote expression of selectin and integrin ligands on endothelium?

Answer 14

TNF

IL-1

Question 15

Acute inflammation characterized by presence of

Answer 15

Edema

Neutrophils

Question 16

Acute inflammation arise in reponse to

Answer 16

Infection

Tissur necrosis

Question 17

Mediators of Acute inflammation

Answer 17

Toll Like Receptors
Arachidonic acid metabolites
Mast cells
Complement
Factor XII

Question 18

TLR are activated by which ligand

Answer 18

PAMP (Lipoplysaccharide…)

Question 19

TLR activation results in

Answer 19

NF-kB upregulation

Question 20

NF-kB=

Answer 20

Nuclear transcription factor that activates immune response genes

Question 21

PGI2 mediates

Answer 21

Vasodilation

Question 22

Types of acute inflammation (5)

Answer 22

Serous
Fibrinous
Purulent
Hemorrhagic
Gangrenous

Question 23

Serous inflammation=

Answer 23

Protein poor fluidderived from plasma

Question 24

Example for Serous inflammation

Answer 24

Skin blister

Question 25

Fibrinous inflammation=

Answer 25

Protein rich exudate | Fibrin!!

Question 26

Histologic appearance of Fibrinous inflammation

Answer 26

Eosinophilic

Question 27

Example for Fibrinous inflammation

Answer 27

Inflammation in the lining of body cavities | Fibrinous pericarditis

Question 28

Purulent inflammation=

Answer 28

Large amount of pus (Neut., edema, necrotic cells)

Question 29

Purulent inflammation examples

Answer 29

Abscess

Question 30

Chronic inflammation=

Answer 30

Prolonged, weeks to years | Inflammation, tissue injury and healing simultaneously

Question 31

Chronic inflammation characterized by-

Answer 31

``` MPH Lymphocytes Plasma cells Tissue destruction Repair ```

Question 32

Repair=(2)

Answer 32

Angiogenesis | Fibrosis

Question 33

Etiology of Chronic inflammation

Answer 33

``` Persistant infection Infection with microbes Autoimmune disease Foreign materials Cancers ```

Question 34

Process of scar formation

Answer 34

Collagen type III is replaced by Collagen type I

Question 35

Granulomatous inflammation is a subtype of

Answer 35

Chronic inflammation

Question 36

Granulomatous inflammation is characterized by

Answer 36

Granulomas

Question 37

Granuloma is consist of

Answer 37

Epitheloid histiocytes (MPH) Giant cells Lymphocytes

Question 38

Granuloma subtypes

Answer 38

Caseating | Non-caseating

Question 39

Non-caseating Granuloma lacks

Answer 39

Necrosis center

Question 40

Etiology of Non-caseating Granuloma

Answer 40

Reaction to foreign material Sarcoidosis Crohn disease

Question 41

Caseating Granuloma have central ______

Answer 41

Necrosis

Question 42

Etiology of Caseating Granuloma

Answer 42

TB | Fungi

Question 43

Steps involves in granuloma formation

Answer 43

1. MPH present Ag via MHC-II to CD4 T cell 2. MPH secrete IL-12 3. CD4 T cell differentiate to Th1 4. Th1 secrete IFN-gamma 5. IFN-gamma converts MPH to epitheloid histocytes and giant cells

Question 44

T cell use ___ complexfor Ag surveillance

Answer 44

TCR

Question 45

TCR includes

Answer 45

CD3 and CD4/CD8