aba exam review Qs Flashcards
(41 cards)
John’s favorite holiday is Thanksgiving because of the food. His favorite main course is turkey, and his favorite dessert is pumpkin pie. However, John hates eating vegetables. This year, John’s mom told him that if he did not eat his green beans, he could not have any pumpkin pie. What is John’s mom establishing?
A. A punisher
B. An antecedent
C. A behavior plan
D. A contingency
contingency
-X punisher- we don’t know the affect it will have on his behavior
-X behavior plan-there’s no reinforcement component, bx change, differential r+, extinction, etc.
A therapist is teaching a client to request a drink. At first, the client only requests after hearing “Say: drink.” Over several sessions, the therapist reduces the prompt to “What do you want?” and eventually to a silent expectant pause. Which of the following best explains this strategy?
A. The therapist is using a modeling procedure to teach requesting.
B. The therapist is shaping the vocal response across sessions.
C. The therapist is using a stimulus transfer control procedure
D. The therapist is using a least-to-most prompting procedure
C. The therapist is using a stimulus transfer control procedure.
shaping = approximations
stimulus transfer control = control is being transferred from one stimulus to another
You are teaching a client to label common household items. During a session, you present a spoon and say, “What is this?” The client responds “spoon,” and you provide immediate praise and access to a favorite toy. Which change would represent the next best possible step in tact training to promote tacting from the client?
A. Fade out the reinforcement slowly to strengthen behavior
B. Remove the verbal cue, “What is this?”
C. Use the same object, like the spoon, repeatedly to increase fluency
D. Change the verbal cue from, “What is this?” to “Tact this” to teach a more relevant example
Revie
behavioranalyststudy.
B. Remove the verbal cue, “What is this?”
to promote labeling/ true tacting
A major component of applied behavior analysis is reduction of problem behaviors that serve some sort of function for the individual. Whenever you remove a behavior, it is essential that you replace it with another behavior that serves the same function. This is considered a/the _
A. fair pair rule
B. law of behavior reduction
C. natural consequence
D. A dimension of behavior analysis
A. fair pair rule = every bx you reduce you should target a bx for increase
X law of behavior reduction does not exist
X not a dimension of behavior (BATCAGE)
Whenever Sally conducts parent training she makes certain that she is explaining things in non-technical language. However, she still sticks to the principles and concepts of behavior analysis. Sally is following what dimension of behavior analysis?
A. Technological
B. Generality
C. Analytic
D. Conceptually systematic
C. Conceptually systematic = all of our knowledge and trainings should be based on principles and concepts of ABA
X Technological= that plan should be able to be replicable by others
X analytic= data driven decisions
Which of the following is an advantage of using a multiple baseline design?
A. You are able to test multiple interventions rapidly
B. You can establish experimental control without reversing the intervention
C. It is the strongest experimental design in terms of establishing experimental control
D. Decreases in behavior happen gradually based on pre-determined levels
multiple baseline designs go across setting participants and behaviors.
B is an advantage of a multiple baseline designs
X A. we’re taking extended baselines as we move down our settings participants and bx. we’re only introducing 1 intervention to 1 condition at a time
X C it’s not the strongest way to establish experimental control
X D is a changing criterion design
Joe is reinforced on a FR4 schedule for all discrete trial training programs. Today, the schedule changed to * VR3. Joe’s responding slowed and he started to standup out of his chair. What best explains what might be occurring?
A: Joe is bored of the programming and needs harder material
B. Joe is experiencing ratio strain
C. Joe is satiated on the reinforcement
D. Joe’s behavior was mistakenly reinforced
B. ratio strain
X C he is receiving less reinforcement
Zac will engage in maladaptive behaviors throughout the day and into the night regardless of the environment he is in or things going on around him. These behaviors occur at a high rate and on a consistent basis. What would be the best approach to reducing these behaviors?
A. Design a behavior plan that includes a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement for when Zac engages in the appropriate behavior
B. Begin a punishment procedure using a low intensity punisher for when Zac engages in the problem behavior
C. Implement a procedure where Zach is reinforced in the absence of problem behaviors
D. Use an extinction procedure that calls for planned ignoring when Zac engages in these behaviors
C. Implement a procedure where Zach is reinforced in the absence of problem behaviors = this will do more to decrease his problem behavior (eg using a DRO)
X A could be implemented after B but not the best answer
St. Cloud High School uses direct instruction as their primary method of teaching. Which of the following answer choices best describes what a direct instruction classroom at the high school might look like?
A. Students are assessed at the beginning of the year. Based on that assessment they are given assignments and allowed to move at their own pace until they hit a mastery criteria.
B. The teacher in the classroom teaches using fast-paced instruction. She then assesses students frequently and forms groups based on the assessments
C. Student performance is charted immediately with the primary intention of increasing fluency
D. Teachers take advantage of their environment and use situations that occur throughout the day as learning opportunities
B. The teacher in the classroom teaches using fast-paced instruction. She then assesses students frequently and forms groups based on the assessments
5 types of teaching: discrete trial, incidental/naturalistic, personalized system of instruction, direct instruction, precision teaching
X A = personalized system of instruction
X C=precision teaching
C D= incidental/naturalistic teaching
While watching a football game, Dan yells, “terrible play” in reaction to what his team just did on the field. What type of verbal operant is this?
A. Mand
B. Intraverbal
C. Echoic
D. Tact
D. Tact = saw it and labeled it
this is a nonverbal SD
X Mands = request evoked by MOs
X intraverbal = evoked by verbal SD
X echoic = evoked by verbal SD & has point to point correspondence
You are a behavior analyst working with a family of four children. You successfully train the parents and the siblings of the client to implement a differential reinforcement procedure for the client’s aggression. Which of the following steps should you take next?
A. Identify the function of the aggression
B. Train the family on punishment procedures to use if differential reinforcenent does not work
C. Implement behavior plans for the siblings
D. Inform the family that there may be a temporary increase in aggresion
D. Inform the family that there may be a temporary increase in aggresion
differential reinforcement= using reinforcement & extinction together. reinforce a target behavior and put other behaviors on extinction.
X A. we can assume you already identified the function
X B. punishment is not part of diffeeential reinforcement
X C. the siblings aren’t our clients
Glenda is hired to work as a BCBA for three children that attend the same elementary school. Glenda wants to familiarize herself with the school and the classroom where the children are placed. What type of assessment would be best?
A. Direct assessment
B. Ecological assessment
C. Interview with the school principal
D. Functional analysis
B. Ecological assessment = observing the environment the client learns works or goes to school in
X A. Direct assessment= observing the client directly
X C. is an indirect assessment. as bcbas we must always perform direct assessments on the client and environment itself as well.
X D. FA is the best way to determine the function of a behavior
Which of the following goals would be the least socially valid goal to target?
A. Increase the client’s ability to respond appropriately to greetings from peers
B. Help the client learn to tolerate different types of hats
C. Increase the time the client spends in a general education classroom
D. Help the client learn to tolerate taking medicine
B. Help the client learn to tolerate different types of hats = this is the least socially valid goal in comparison to the others
XA. is very socially valid
XC. is extremely socially valid
XD. extremely important
A high-school basketball team finishes every practice by selecting on person at random to shoot two free throws. If the individual chosen makes both free throws, the team does not have to run laps. If the person misses the free throws, the team must run. What type of contingency is this?
A. Natural contingency
B. Dependent group contingency
C. Independent group contingency
D. Interdependent group contingency
B. Dependent group contingency
X A. it’s a group contingency, not natural
X C. independent group contingency= each person is responsible for themselves
X D. Interdependent group contingency= reinforcement is contingent on everyone meeting the expectation
Which of the following graphs and/or charts display frequency of change over time?
A. Standard Celeration chart
B. Line graph
C. Scatterplot
D. Withdrawal graph
A. Standard Celeration chart
must know 5 types of learning/teaching and which chart each one uses. precision teaching uses frequency of change over time. it is called a standard celebration chart.
XC Scatterplot is how we identify patterns through time
XD Withdrawal graph is an experimental design graph
Evaluate the following goal: “Holly will initiate play with one or more peers during school across three consecutive weeks when given the opportunity as measured by percentage of occurrence.” What would be best to add to the goal?
A. A measurement system
B. A behavior for decrease
C. A mastery criteria
D. A setting
C. a mastery criteria
we have learner=holly, target= initiating play, setting= during school, measurement=percentage of occurrence. the mastery criteria is missing. how many times does she need to initiate play?
XB there isn’t a behavior for decrease. we are working on a skill acquisition goal
David engages in severe self-injurious behavior that occurs at home and at school. John, a BCBA, wants to design an intervention to target David’s self-injury. What experimental design would be the least appropriate for John to use?
A. Alternating treatment
B. Reversal
C. Multiple baseline
D. Multiple probe
B. Reversal -we want to decrease behavior. if the intervention is working we don’t want to remove the intervention.
XA. Alternating treatment
XC. Multiple baseline
XD. Multiple probe
all three above are fine because we’re not removing any interventions that might be working
You and two other BBAs are designing a token economy to use inside your clinic.
Which of the following choices would be best to include while designing your economy?
A. When the token economy is first introduced offer back-up reinforcers at low prices
B. Adjust the prices of backup reinforcers as your token economy as necessary
C. Conduct on-going assessments to ensure back-up reinforcers are still relevant to the clients
D. All the above
D. All the above
token economy= generalized conditioned reinforcers as tokens, backup reinforcers we exchange tokens for, and set a price for them
Which of the following basic reinforcement schedules produces a scallop effect?
A. FR
B. VR
C. FI
D. VI
C. FI = moderate response rate and a significant pause after reinforcement
XFR = high response rate with pause after r+
XVR=high, steady response rate
XVI=moderate, steady response rate
A sign telling you that a vending machine is broken is
, but if you put your
money in a vending machine and nothing comes out its
A. contingency-shaped, rule-governed
B. rule-governed, contingency-shaped
C. rule-governed, rule-governed
D. contingency-shaped, contingency-shaped
B. rule governed, contingency-shaped
-contingency= history with consequences
-rule governed= verbally mediated (*can mean spoken, written, sign language);no direct r+ history
Three student researchers recently completed a study using a multiple baseline design. Their supervisor identified several confounds during the intervention and indicated that the research should be replicated before it is submitted for publication. The study may lack _
A. Internal validity
B. External validity
C. Participant retention
D. Sufficient baseline data
A. internal validity = we are looking inside our own experiment to see if we are actually controlling the outcome
of the experiment through our manipulation, or if there’s something else at play, such as these confounds
-must know about experimental designs
-confounds = concerned that our manipulation isn’t the variable controlling the outcome.
CB. external validity sees if our experiment will generalize outside from our contained lab
XC. participant retention=participants dropping out or staying in the study
XD. baseline data= we can assume we have enough baseline date if the study was completed
Before Susan, a BCBA, finalizes her treatment plan, she makes sure she conducts at least 3 direct observations with her client. This most closely adheres to what attitude of science?
A. Parsimony
B. Experimentation
C. Empiricism
D. Determinism
B. Empiricism = relying on objective observing to make our decisions
must know the attitudes to of science and dimensions of ABA
XA.Parsimony =choosing simplest explanation
XB. Experimentation =manipulating antecedents, consequences, and variables, not just observing
XD. Determinism= behavior is lawful and happens for a reason
Based on the table below, how would you describe the trend of the data?
trial 1 3
trial 2 4
trial 3 3
trial 4 5
trial 5 4
A. Increasing
B. Decreasing
C. No trend
D. Variable
C. No trend
must know level, trend, varibility and visual analysis of graphs
An RBT teaches a child to match the word “dog” to a picture of a dog. Then she goes outside and matches the picture of a dog to an actual dog. She then tests to see if the child can match the word “dog” to an actual dog. This is considered teaching
A. Functional communication training
B. Stimulus equivalence
C. PECS training
D. Mand training
B. Stimulus equivalence
A=word, B=picture, C= actual dog
A=B, B=C, testing A=C. we are testing for transitivity.
must know reflexivity, symmetry, transitivity
