Ch 9 Multiple Baseline & Changing Criterion Designs Flashcards
type of single-subject experimental design used to evaluate effects of an intervention by systematically changing the performance criterion (i.e. behavioral goal) over time. Used to demonstrate experimental controlby showing that the behavior changes in steps in accordance with the changing criterions.
-gradually changing performance goals
-useful for shaping behaviors where large changes arent appropriate
-demonstrates experimental control when behavior changes match the criterion changes
e.g. decreasing smoking
week 1: 15 cigarettes daily
week 2: 10/day
week 3: 5/day
week 4: 0
increasing water intake
week 1 goal- drink 2 cups daily
week 2- 4 cups
week 3- 6 cups
changing criterion design
A variation of the multiple baseline design in which all of the baselines do not begin at the same time, instead additional participant baselines are added to the study as they become available or relevant.
-used when not practical or possible to measure all baselines at once
-oftne
delayed multiple baseline design
a single participant ‘s 2+ target behaviors are measured over time, and the intervention is applied sequentially to each behavior- one at a time- while others remain in baseline
-one individual, multiple behaviors
-intervention is introduced to the first behavior, while others stay in baseline
-when a change is observed in the first behavior only after intervention, and other behaviors remain unchanged until their turn, experimental control is demonstrated
-helps confirm that behavior change is due to the intervention, not outside variables
e.g.
a BCBA targets three behaviors in a student:
1.Raising hand in class
2.Requesting help
3.Completing assignments independently
*All three behaviors are measured during baseline
*Intervention is introduced for hand-raising → behavior increases
*Other two behaviors stay the same
*Then intervention is introduced for requesting help → it increases
*Finally, intervention is applied to assignment completion
This staggered pattern of behavior change shows that the intervention caused the change, not something else.
multiple baseline across behaviors design
type of multiple baseline design in which a single target behavior is measured across 2+ environments or situations, and the intervention is introduced one setting at a time. this helps demonstrate that behavior change is due ti the intervention, not other factors like time or chance.
-one behavior, one individual, multiple settings
-intervention is applied sequentially across each setting
-behavior should only change in the setting where the intervention is applied
-shows experimental control by demonstrating the same effect in different environments
e.g.
Target behavior: Increasing on-task behavior in a student
*Setting 1: 1:1 therapy room
*Setting 2: Small group instruction
*Setting 3: General education classroom
Process:
*Collect baseline data in all 3 settings
*Start intervention in Setting 1 → on-task behavior increases only there
*Later, introduce intervention in Setting 2 → on-task behavior increases in that setting
*Finally, implement in Setting 3 → same pattern repeats
This staggered behavior change across settings supports a functional relationship between the intervention and behavior.
multiple baseline across settings design
type of single case experimental design used to evaluate effects of an intervention on the same behavior across 2+ individuals. intervention is introduced to each participant at different times, allowing for experimental control without withdrawing treatment.
-same target behavior, different individuals
-intervention is staggered across subjects over time
-each subject serves as their own control
-behavior change should occur only after the intervention is applied to that subject
-demonstrates a functional relationship if behavior changes only after the independent variable is introduced
multiple baseline across subjects design
type of single-case experimental design used to demonstrate a functional relationship between an intervention (IV) and behavior (DV) by staggering the introduction of the intervention across different baselines. these baselines can be across behaviors, settings, or subjects.
multiple baseline design
A variation of the multiple baseline design used when continuous measurement of the target behavior during baseline is unnecessary, impractical, or could lead to reactivity. instead of collecting data every session, the behavior is measured using intermittent “probes” to assess whether the skill is emerging before intervention begins.
multiple probe design
type of multiple baseline design in which the same target behavior is measured across 2+ individuals, and baseline data collection for all participants begins simultaneously (i.e. concurrently). the intervention is introduced at different times (staggered) for each participant to demonstrate experimental control.
concurrent multiple baseline across participants design
variation of the standard changing criterion design used to evaluate whether a behavior systematically changes in response to gradually shifting performance criteria, but instead of a single exact criterion, each phase uses a range of acceptable responding (e.g. 4-6 responses per session)
-bx is shaped toward a terminal goal using incremental changes
-each phase sets a range rather than a fixed point (e.g.80-90% accuracy)
-R+ is delivered only if behavior falls within the range
-allows for natural variability in behavior while still demonstrating control
-esp useful when exact performance levels arent realistic or useful
range-bound changing criterion design
