This vs that Flashcards
resurgence
VS
spontaneous recovery
resurgence= reappearance of a previously extinguished behavior when a different, newly reinforced behavior is put on extinction ; triggered by a change in reinforcement contingencies
spontaneous recovery=return of an extinguished behavior after time has passed, WITHOUT introduction of a new reinforced behavior; based on time
selection-based verbal behavior
VS
topography-based verbal behavior
selection-based verbal behavior- speaker selects a response from an array rather than generating a response (e.g. PECS, AAC, choice board)
topography-based verbal behavior- the listener is affected by a specific response topography directly emitted by the speaker (e.g. speaker says “water” to mand for water)
respondent conditioning
VS
higher-order conditioning
respondent conditioning= development of a conditioned reflex by pairining a neutral stimulus with a conditioned stimulus (NS + CS)
higher-order conditioning=
learning through pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus (NS + US -> NS becomes CS that elicits a CR
Variable Time (VT)
VS
Variable Interval (VI)
VT = reinforcement delivered after variable amount of time, REGARDLESS what the client is doing; NO behavior is required for reinforcement
VI = reinforcement is delivered for the first response after a variable amount of time had passed. Reinforcement becomes AVAILABLE after a variable amount of time; behavior is REQUIRED for reinforcement
rate
VS
celeration
rate = how often a behavior occurs over time
celeration = rate in change of behavior over time (accelerating or decelerating; speed of acquisition or decline )
free operant
VS
discrete trial
free operant = operant behavior that occurs freely and naturally; useful for preference assessments and FA’s
discrete trial = teacher-initiated trials with 3 parts (SD, learner’s response, consequence); structured to teach one skill at a time
continuous measurement
VS
discontinuous measurement
continuous measurement = records every instance of behavior during the observation period; types: frequency, rate, duration, latency, IRT;
e.g. 1. Frequency- 10 instances of hand flapping
2. Rate- 2 mands per minute
3. Duration- a tantrum lasts 4 minutes
4. Latency- 3s between instruction and response
5. IRT- 20s between two bites of food
discontinuous measurement = do not record every instance of behavior– instead, they sample behavior at specific times; types: partial-interval recording, whole-interval recording, momentary time sampling
free-operant avoidance
VS
discriminated avoidance
free-operant avoidance= contingency in which responses at any time during an interval prior to the scheduled onset of an aversive stimulus delays the presentation of the aversive stimulus
discriminated avoidance= contingency in which responding in the presence of a signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from which escape is a reinforcer.
avoidance contingency
VS
escape contingency
escape contingency= contingency in which a response terminates an ongoing stimulus
avoidance contingency=contingency in which a response prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus (compare to escape _____)
tandem schedule
VS
chained schedule
tandem schedule= 2 or more reinforcement schedules occur in seequence with no clear cues (SDs) signalling the change. reinforcement is delivered only after all components are completed.
-e.g. child completes a puzzle (FR5) then reads for 10 min (FI10), but no cues signal the switch.
chained schedule= 2 or more reinforcement schedules occur in sequence. each component is signaled by a distinct SD. reinforcement is delivered after completing all components in order.
-e.g. child sees a “puzzle” card (SD1) and completes 9 piece puzzle (FR9), sees a “reading” card (SD2) and reads for 2 min (FI-2min). then earns reinforcement.
treatment drift
VS
observer drift
treatment drift= implementation of a treatment or intervention changes over time from the originally designed procedure.
• Who it involves: The person implementing the treatment (e.g., therapist or technician).
• Example: A behavior plan requires delivering a token every time a child completes a task, but over time the therapist begins giving tokens only after two or three tasks, unintentionally changing the reinforcement schedule.
observer drift= data collector’s definition or understanding of what to record changes over time, leading to inconsistent recording of behavior.
• Who it involves: The person observing and recording behavior (e.g., data collector or RBT).
• Example: At first, the observer records tantrums only when there is crying and hitting. Over time, they start including minor whining without aggression as tantrums, deviating from the operational definition.
behavior-altering effect
VS
function-altering effect
behavior-altering effect = an antecedent context changes the current, in-the-moment occurrence of a bx
e.g. in the moment that a person is deprived of attention, their behavior to contact attention increases.
function-altering effect= a consequence shapes future behavior; this is evident in the future when the same stimulus is present d and evokes the new response.
e.g. the next time a person is deprived of attention, they will emit the bx that in the past resulted in getting attention.
SD vs Sdelta
SD= when present, specific behavior can contact reinforcement
Sdelta= when present, specific behavior cannot contact reinforcement
