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anatomy > abdomen > Flashcards

abdomen Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

location of the stomach

A
  • Left hypochondriac, epigastric and umbilical regions of abdomen
  • starts at gastroesophageal junction and extends to pyloric orifice
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2
Q

structure of stomach in situ

A
  • encased by 2 layers of peritoneum (omentum)
  • attached to liver via lesser omentum
  • greater omentum hangs from stomach (double fold)
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3
Q

internal structure of stomach

A
  • split into fundus, body and connects into duodenum
  • lower oesophageal sphincter separates oesophagus and fundus
  • pyloric sphincter separates body from duodenum
  • rugae = gastric folds
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4
Q

3 branches of the coeliac trunk

A
  • common hepatic artery
  • splenic artery
    left gastric artery
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5
Q

what is the peritoneal cavity

A
  • contains peritoneal fluids (lubricant for organs)
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6
Q

what is the peritoneum

A
  • continuous membrane which lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs (abdominal viscera)
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7
Q

intraperitoneal organs

A
  • enveloped by visceral peritoneum which covers organ anterior and posteriorly e.g stomach, liver, spleen
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8
Q

retroperitoneal organs

A
  • not associated with visceral peritoneum, only covered in parietal peritoneum, and that peritoneum only covers their anterior surface

primary
- developed and remain outside of the parietal peritoneum
secondary
- initially intraperitoneal, became retroperitoneal so only their anterior surface is covered with peritoneum

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9
Q

which abdominal viscera are retroperitoneal?

A

S uprarenal glands
A orta
D uodenum
P ancreas
U reters
C olon
K idneys
E sophagus
R ectum

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10
Q

structure and function of mesentary

A
  • double layer of visceral peritoneum
  • connects intraperitoneal organs to (usually) the posterior abdominal wall
  • pathway for nerves, blood vessels and lymphatics to travel from the body wall to the viscera
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11
Q

structure and function of omentum

A

= sheets of visceral peritoneum that extend from the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to other abdominal organs

greater
- four layers of visceral peritoneum
- from stomach and duodenum, folds back up to transverse colon
= immune and restorative

lesser
- double layer of visceral peritoneum
- from lesser c of stomach to liver

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12
Q

innervation of parasympathetic function of stomach

A

anterior and posterior gastric nerves

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13
Q

innervation of gastric function of stomach

A

coeliac plexus

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14
Q

what connects stomach to liver?

A

lesser omentum

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15
Q

borders of stomach

A

gastroesophageal junction -> pyloric orifice

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16
Q

what region of abdomen are liver and gallbladder in

A

Mainly right hypochondriac and epigastric region

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17
Q

how are liver and gallbladder related to the diaphragm

A

inferior vena cava and hepatic veins

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18
Q

function of falsiform ligament

A

double layer of peritoneum that splits lobes of liver and contains round ligament which was umbilical vein

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19
Q

what is the porta hepatis

A

gap in peritoneum to allow for vasculature and where gallbladder attaches via cystic duct.

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20
Q

what vasculature lies in porta hepatis

A
  • common hepatic duct
  • hepatic portal vein
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21
Q

function of common hepatic duct

A

carries bile from liver to gallbladder

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22
Q

function of hepatic portal vein

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A

brings blood from GI to clean and detoxify before going back to heart

23
Q

function of hepatic artery proper

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A

supplies liver with oxygenated blood

24
Q

structure of gallbladder

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A
  • neck
    • continuous with cystic duct
  • body
  • fundus
25
what abdomen regions are the pancreas in
Epigastric region and left hypochondriac region (tail)
26
where is the pancreas in relation to other structures
- Posterior to stomach (in this image, stomach is moved superiorly to show pancreas) - Sits within C-shape of duodenum - retro peritoneal - tail lies in peritoneal ligament = spleenorenal ligament (intraperitoneal)
27
what is the ampulla of vater
where bile duct and main pancreatic duct join together
28
function of major duodenal papilla
digestive juices enter second part of duodenum
29
function of hepatopancreatic sphincter/oddi
controls pancreatic secretions
30
location of pancreatic veins
splenic vein - behind pancreas superior mesenteric vein - behind head and neck of pancreas and combines with splenic to form hepatic portal vein
31
what is the hylum of the spleen
where vessels supply/drain spleen
32
what region is the spleen located in
left hypochondriac
33
where is the spleen in relation to surrounding structures
- posterior to stomach - under cover of left lower floating ribs - tail of pancreas may reach hylum of spleen - peritoneum forms gastrosplinic ligament which splits and wraps around the spleen - intraperitoneal
34
transpyloric plane
imaginary plane halfway between the suprasternal notch of the manubrium and the upper border of the symphysis pubis at the level of the first lumbar vertebrae, L1
35
intertubercular plane
A lower transverse plane midway between the upper transverse and the upper border of the pubic symphysis
36
abdominal vertical plane
mid clavicular line
37
regions of surface anatomy
right hypochondrium epigastric left hypochondrium right lumbar umbilical left lumbar right iliac hypogastric left iliac
38
4 layers of anterolateral abdominal wall from external to internal
1. skin 2. superficial fascia 3. muscles and associated fascia 4. parietal pariotneum
39
abdominal aponeurosis
broad flat tendon which covers the rectus abdominis muscle
40
what is the linea alba
fibrous structure that extends from the xiphoid process to pubic symphysis?
41
functions of external obliques
1. contraction bilaterally to cause rotation 2. contraction with opposite internal oblique to cause rotation 3. ipsilateral contraction with other abdominal and back muscles to cause lateral flection
42
what are the functions of the internal obliques
contraction bilaterally -> anterior flex of trunk contracts unilaterally -> ipsilateral rotation or lateral flexion
43
what is the muscle called that runs transverse across the abdomen with
transverse abdominis
44
what are the two vertical muscles of the abdomen
rectus abdominis and pyrimidalis
45
what is the long paired muscle that is found either side of the midline in the abdominal wall
rectus abdominis
46
functions of the rectus abdominis
compressing abdominal viscera and stabilises pelvis during walking and depresses ribs
47
where are the tendinous intersections at the rectus abdominis
- xiphoid process - umbilicous - muscles inbetween
48
what is the structure called that is formed by the aponeuroses of the three flat muscles and encloses the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles?
rectus sheath
49
what are the arteries that supply blood the the muscles of the abdomen?
superior and inferior epigastric arteries
50
2 types of peritoneum
parietal visceral
51
what kind of peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities?
parietal
52
what kind of periotenum invaginates to cover the majority of the abdominal viscera
visceral
53
intraperitoneal organs
- completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum - covers organs both anteriorly and posteriorly
54
retroperitoneal organs
only covered in parietal peritoneum, peritoneum only covers their anterior surface

anatomy (15 decks)

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