N5: diencephalon, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex

Question 1

what does the diencephalon include

Answer 1

thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus
subthalamus

Question 2

thalamic nuclei

Answer 2

internal medullary lamina
anterior nuclear group
medial nuclear group
lateral nuclear group
medial geniculate nucleus
lateral geniculate nucleus
ventral lateral
ventral posteriomedial

Question 3

anterior nuclear group general function

Answer 3

linked to limbic system (behavioural)

Question 4

medial nuclear group general function

Answer 4

prefrontal cortex so = behaviour

Question 5

lateral nuclear group general function

Answer 5

motor

Question 6

ventral posteromedial general function

Answer 6

proprioception and gustatory

Question 7

medial geniculate nucleus function

Answer 7

c=primary auditory cortex

Question 8

lateral geniculate nucleus function

Answer 8

connected to primary visual cortex

Question 9

spinothalamic pathway function

Answer 9

reactive = pain, temp, crude touch, pressure

Question 10

DCML pathway function

Answer 10

discriminative = proprioception, fine touch, vibration

Question 11

where does spinothalamic pathway deccusate

Answer 11

spinal cord

Question 12

where does DCML pathway deccusate

Answer 12

medulla oblongata (dorsal column nuclei)

Question 13

function of thalamus

Answer 13

information relay station

Question 14

function of hypothalamus

Answer 14

maintains homeostasis

Question 15

basal ganglia nuclei

Answer 15

caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
nucleus accumbens
ventral pallidum
substantia nigra
subthalamic nucleus

Question 16

basal ganglia function

Answer 16

motor control
fine movements
executive functions, behaviours, emotions

Question 17

role of caudate nucleus

Answer 17

memory, mood, behaviour

Question 18

role of putamen

Answer 18

learning, motor control, speech, reward, addiction

Question 19

role of globus pallidus

Answer 19

controls conscious and proprioceptive movements

Question 20

role of subthalamic nucleus

Answer 20

connects with globus pallidus

Question 21

role of nucleus accumbens

Answer 21

mediates reward behaviour

Question 22

role of substantia nigra

Answer 22

linked to movements - parkinsons

Question 23

role of amygdala

Answer 23

fear center, anger
emotion, memory, decision making

Question 24

motor loop in basal ganglia

Answer 24

motor + sensory afferents -> putamen (processed) -> direct/indirect to thalamus

Question 25

limbic circuit connections

Answer 25

limbic lobe, hippocampus and amygdala -> caudate nucleus -> thalamus

Question 26

major gyri of cortex

Answer 26

precentral gyrus postcentral gyrus superior temporal gyrus

Question 27

precentral gyrus function

Answer 27

primary motor cortex

Question 28

postcentral gyrus function

Answer 28

primary somatosensory

Question 29

superior temporal gyrus function

Answer 29

reception and processing of sound

Question 30

where is frontal lobe + function

Answer 30

front area of cortex -> behaviour and motor

Question 31

where is temporal lobe + function

Answer 31

lateral sides -> language and auditary

Question 32

where is parietal lobe + function

Answer 32

top of head -> somatosensory

Question 33

thalamic nuclei

Answer 33

MGN LGN primary auditory cortex primary visual cortex primary gustatory cortex ventral posteromedial ventral posterolateral

Question 34

what do anterior thalamic nuclei do

Answer 34

role in limbic system

Question 35

what do medial thalamic nuclei do

Answer 35

motivation/mood

Question 36

what do lateral thalamic nuclei do

Answer 36

motor modification

Question 37

function of ventral posteromedial/lateral nuclei

Answer 37

sensory integration

Question 38

function of MGN

Answer 38

- auditary function - sends tracts to auditory cortex (temporal)

Question 39

function of LGN

Answer 39

- visual function - send fibres to primary visual cortex

Question 40

function of spinothalamic pathway

Answer 40

- pain - temp - crude touch - pressure

Question 41

function of DCML tract

Answer 41

discriminitive - proprioception - fine touch - vibration

Question 42

function of nuclear cumbance

Answer 42

pleasure centre reward addiction

Question 43

association fibres

Answer 43

connect different areas of brain

Question 44

commissural fibres

Answer 44

connect left and right sides of brain

Question 45

projection fibres

Answer 45

connect neurones to brain via tracts

Question 46

motor pathways

Answer 46

corticospinal = below head corticonuclear = head and neck

Question 47

corona radiata function

Answer 47

fibres ascend/descend through brainstem → cortices