LL2. posterior thigh and hip joint

Question 1

which muscles cause flexion of hip joint?

Answer 1

iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius, pectineus

Question 2

which muscles cause extension of hip joint?

Answer 2

gluteus maximus; semimembranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris (the hamstrings)

Question 3

which muscles cause abduction of hip joint?

Answer 3

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis and tensor fascia latae

Question 4

which muscles cause adduction of hip joint?

Answer 4

adductors longus, brevis and magnus, pectineus and gracilis

Question 5

which muscles cause lateral rotation of hip joint?

Answer 5

biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, piriformis, assisted by the obturators, gemilli and quadratus femoris.

Question 6

which muscles cause medial rotation of hip joint?

Answer 6

anterior fibres of gluteus medius and minimus, tensor fascia latae

Question 7

what limits flexion of hip

Answer 7

depends on whether the knee is flexed – this relaxes the hamstring muscles, and increases the range of flexion.

Question 8

what limits extension of hip

Answer 8

limited by the joint capsule and the iliofemoral ligament. These structures become taut during extension to limit further movement.

Question 9

general action, innervation and blood supply to gluteal region

Answer 9

ACTION: help hold head of femur in socket (acetabulum)

INNERVATION: sacral plexus

BLOOD SUPPLY: gluteal arteries (from internal ileac)

Question 10

Gluteus maximus origin

Answer 10

gluteal surface of ilium, sacrum, coccyx

Question 11

Gluteus maximus innervation

Answer 11

Superior gluteal artery

Question 12

Gluteus maximus action

Answer 12

extension of thigh/ lat rotation - force

Question 13

Gluteus maximus innervation

Answer 13

inferior gluteal nerve

Question 14

Gluteus medius origin

Answer 14

gluteal surface of ilium

Question 15

Gluteus medius insertion

Answer 15

lateral surface of greater trochanter

Question 16

Gluteus medius action

Answer 16

abduction/medial rotation/stabilises pelvis

Question 17

Gluteus medius innervation

Answer 17

superior gluteal nerve

Question 18

Gluteus minimus origin

Answer 18

ilium

Question 19

Gluteus minimus insertion

Answer 19

anterior greater trochanter

Question 20

Gluteus minimus action

Answer 20

abduction/medial rotation/stabilises pelvis

Question 21

Gluteus minimus innervation

Answer 21

superior gluteal nerve

Question 22

Tensor fascia lata origin

Answer 22

anterior iliac crest

Question 23

Tensor fascia lata insertion

Answer 23

anterior superior iliac spine/iliotibial tract

Question 24

Tensor fascia lata action

Answer 24

abduction/medial rotation/support

Question 25

Tensor fascia lata innervation

Answer 25

superior gluteal nerve

Question 26

Piriformis origin

Answer 26

anterior surface of sacrum

Question 27

Piriformis insertion

Answer 27

greater trochanter

Question 28

Piriformis action

Answer 28

lateral rotation/abduction

Question 29

Piriformis innervation

Answer 29

nerve to piriformis

Question 30

Obturator Internus origin

Answer 30

pubis/ischium at obturator foramen

Question 31

Obturator Internus insertion

Answer 31

greater trochanter

Question 32

Obturator Internus action

Answer 32

lateral rotation/abduction

Question 33

Obturator Internus innervation

Answer 33

nerve to obturator internus

Question 34

Gamelli superior origin

Answer 34

ischial spine

Question 34

Gamelli inferior origin

Answer 34

ischial tuberosity

Question 35

Gamelli insertion

Answer 35

greater trochanter

Question 36

Gamelli action

Answer 36

lateral rotation and abduction

Question 37

superior gamelli innervation

Answer 37

nerve to obturator internus

Question 38

inferior gamelli innervation

Answer 38

nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 39

Quadratus femoris origin

Answer 39

lateral ischial tuberosity

Question 40

Quadratus femoris insertion

Answer 40

quadrate tuberosity on intertrochanteric crest

Question 41

Quadratus femoris action

Answer 41

lateral rotation

Question 42

Quadratus femoris innervation

Answer 42

nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 43

damage to superior gluteal nerve

Answer 43

trendelenburg sign pelvic drop

Question 44

general action of posterior thigh muscles

Answer 44

extensors of hip joint and flexors of knee joint/medial rotation

Question 45

blood supply to posterior thigh

Answer 45

branches of deep femoral artery and gluteal arteries

Question 46

muscles of posterior thigh

Answer 46

adductor magnus biceps femoris semitendinosus semi-membranosus

Question 47

Biceps Femoris origin

Answer 47

Long head = ischial tuberosity Short head = linea aspera

Question 48

Biceps Femoris insertion

Answer 48

head of fibula

Question 49

Biceps Femoris action

Answer 49

knee flexion/hip extension/lateral rotation

Question 50

Biceps Femoris innervation

Answer 50

Long head = tibial sciatic nerve Short head = Cfibular sciatic nerve

Question 51

Semitendinosus origin

Answer 51

ischial tuberosity of pelvis

Question 52

Semitendinosus insertion

Answer 52

medial surface of tibia

Question 53

Semitendinosus action

Answer 53

knee flexion/hip extension/medial rotation

Question 54

Semitendinosus innervation

Answer 54

tibial sciatic nerve

Question 55

Semi-Membranosus origin

Answer 55

ischial tuberosity

Question 56

Semi-Membranosus insertion

Answer 56

medial tibial condyle

Question 57

Semi-Membranosus action

Answer 57

knee flexion/hip extension/medial rotation

Question 58

Semi-Membranosus innervation

Answer 58

tibial sciatic nerve

Question 59

features of hip joint

Answer 59

- femoral head inserts into acetabulum supported by ligaments - more stable than shoulder, less mobile

Question 60

intracapsular ligaments supporting hip joint

Answer 60

ligament of head of femur = encloses branch of obturator artery

Question 61

extracapsular ligaments supporting hip joint

Answer 61

Ilio-femoral ligament Pubo-femoral ligament Ischio-femoral ligament

Question 62

Ilio-femoral ligament features and action

Answer 62

- from ant/inf iliac spine to intertrochanteric line - Y shaped - prevents hyperextension of hip joint

Question 63

Pubo-femoral ligament features and action

Answer 63

- superior pubic rami → intertrochanteric line - triangle shape - prevents excessive abduction and extension

Question 64

Ischio-femoral ligament features and action

Answer 64

- ischium → greater trochanter - spiral shape - prevents hyperextension and supports head

Question 65

arterial supply of hip joint

Answer 65

- medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries = branches of deep femoral artery - artery to head of femur - superior/inferior gluteal arteries

Question 66

Damage to the medial circumflex femoral artery results in

Answer 66

Damage to the medial circumflex femoral artery can result in avascular necrosis of the femoral head

Question 67

innervation of hip joint

Answer 67

- sciatic nerve - femoral nerve - obturator nerve

Question 68

blood supply to femur and the effect of fracture

Answer 68

- blood supply to the head and neck of the femur is primarily from an arterial ring formed around the base of the femoral neck - A fracture of the femoral neck can tear these blood vessels as they travel along the femoral neck and result in avascular necrosis