ABDOMINAL VISCERA Flashcards by Meagan Pelletier

What is the GI tract composed of

Alimentary canal and accessory organs (teeth, tongue, liver, pancreas)

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How long is the GI tracts

5-7 meteres

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How long is the esophagus

25cm

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Where is the esophagus located

between the distal end of the larygopharynx to the stomach

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What is the blood supply to the esophagus? and the nerve supply?

branches from thoracic aorta

Nerve supply: CN X

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Esophagus passes through diaphragm at ____ and ends at ____

T10

T11

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What is the capacity of the stomach

1 L

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Where is the stomach located

in the left hypochondriac and epigastric areas

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What are the 3 main divisions of the stomach

Fundus
Body
Pyloric sphincter

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The entrance and exit of the stomach are guarded by the ___ and ___ respectively

cardia and pylorus

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What is the first segment of the small intestine? how long is it?

Duodenum

25 cm

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The duodenum surrounds…

the head of the pancreas

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What part of the duodenum receives secretions of pancreas and bile

The 2 part - descending

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Where does the duodenum sit

right side of L1 mostly in umbilical area

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what is the function of bile

to fascilitate the digestion of fat converting large droplet into smaller droplets so that enzymes can act more efficiently

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What are the proximal 2/5 and the distal 3/5 of the SI called

The jejunum and ileum

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What are the characteristics that differentiate the jejunum from the ileum

thicker wall
narrower lumen
fewer arteries

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Where is chemical digestion more prominent? where is absorption of nutrients more prominent?

Jejunum

Ileum

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Are the jejunum and ileum mesentary bound? this makes them ____

yes

mobile

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Jejunum is normally in ____ regioni

umbilical

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Ileum is normally in ___ region

Hypogastric

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What are the small arteries feeding into the SI called

vasa recta

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What are the 5 components of the LI

cecum 
apendix 
colon 
rectum 
anal canal

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Where is the appendix

attached medial to the distal end of cecum

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Is the appendix mesentary bound

yes | mobile

What are the longitudinal smooth muscles of the colon organized into

3 muscular bundles (Tenia Coli)

What do the contractions of tenia coli lead to

Saclike structures known as haustra coli

What is the bend in the LI that is in touch with the liver called? the one in touch with spleen?

Hepatic flexure and splenic flexture

The abdominal part of the GI is supplied by 3 major branches from the abdominal aorta, what are they?

Celiac Superior mesenteric Inferior mesenteric

What does the celiac artery suupply

``` liver stomach pancreas spleen duodenum ```

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply

``` Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Pancreas Cecum Appendix Colon ```

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply

Colon Rectum anal canal

what is the nerve supply of the GI tract

Pre-vertebral plexuses

What do the prevertebral plexuses receive inputs from

The pre-ganglionic sympathetic nerves from thorcic, lumbar, and sacral segments of sympathetic trunk Preganglionic parasympathetic nerves from vagus and pelvic splanchnics Afferent visceral nerves

Pre-vertebral plexuses are ____

mix parasympathetic and sympathetic plexuses

Pre-vertebral plexuses are formed where

in front of the abdominal aorta

Sympathetic fibres synapse ___ where as parasympathetic fibres synapse...

at the level or the prevertebral plexus | AT target organ

Where is the liver located

in the right hypochondriac and epigastric areas and extends into left hypochondriac area

Wha are the 2 surfaces of the liver

Diaphragmatic and visceral

What attaches the anterior surface of the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

the falciform ligament

What is found on the inferior border of the falciform ligament

The round ligament

What is the round ligament a reminant of

the umbilical vein

What attaches the superior surface of the liver to the under surface of the diaphragm

the coronary ligaments

What is the left lobe divided into

The quadrate and caudate portions

What can you find on the visceral surface of the liver

Porta hepatis - where blood vessels, nerves and bile duct enter and exit

What does the hepatic portal vein do

drains venous blood of digestive system below diaphragm, carries a lot of unprocessed nutrients that need to be processed by liver before circulating body

What does the bile duct to

carries bile from gallbladder to second part of duodenum

What veins join to form the portal vein

Superior and inferior mesenteric and splenic veins

After portal vein drains into liver, the blood from the liver is then drained by

IVC

Differences in BP at the liver may lead to

Varicosis

Bile is produced by ___ and then sent to _____

liver | gallbladder

what occurs to bile in gallbladder

it is concentrated

the bile is collected from liver by... which forms ___

two left and right hepatic ducts which come together to form the common hepatic duct

The common hepatic duct then joins the ____ to make the _____

cystic duct | Common bile duct

Is the pancreas endocrine or exocrine

mixed

___ secretions of the pancreas are released into the 2nd part of duodenum

exocrine

Via what 2 ducts do the exocrine secretions of the pancreas enter the duodenum

main and accessory

Where is the spleen located

Left hypochondriac area

What are the 2 extremities of the spleen? 2 main borders? 2 surfaces

anterior and posterior superior and inferior diaphragmatic and visceral

where is the hilum of the spleen located

on the visceral/medial surface

The spleen is a ____ organ

intra-peritoneal

The spleen is connected to which organs by peritoneal ligaments

stomach and left kidney

what does the spleen do

recycles RBCS

Fractures of which ribs run the risk of puncturing spleen

9-11 but mostly 11

Can you fix a hemorrhage in a spleen

Where are kidneys located

on posterior abdominal wall in front of diaphragm

Each kidney is surrounded by

a capsule and fat

Which kidney is lower?

right

What is the right kidney related to

liver, duodenum, IVC

What is the left kidney related to

stomach, pancreas, spleen

What is the major function of kidney

to remove the toxic byproducts of metabolism from the blood stream and to conserve water, proteins, glucose, and salts

What are the 2 major parts of the kidney

Cortex and medulla

What structures are found in medulla

pyramidal structures (renal pyramid) (lobes)

What separate lobes

extensions of cortex known as cortical columns

What is found at the apex of each pyramid

papilla

What is found at the papilla of each pyramid

lots of openings representing the end of the collecting ducts

Urine is derived from papilla to ...

vase shaped spaces known as minor calyces

Every 2-3 calyce is received by a larger space known as

major calyx

finally the major callyx is drained to...

renal pelvis and the to ureter

What is the sequence of the structures in the hilum of the kidneys

Renal vein most anterior Renal artery Renal pelvis most posterior

What is the ureter

a muscular tube that runs from the renal pelvis and down either side of vertebral colunm to the true pelvis

what are the 3 narrowings of the ureter

- Just after renal pelvis - Passing over common iliac arteries - Entering bladder

ABDOMINAL VISCERA Flashcards

(82 cards)