Head and Neck

Question 1

What is another term for superficial muscles of the face

Answer 1

Expressional muscles

Question 2

What are the superficial muscles of the face called expressional muscles

Answer 2

Because when we move and act they change your expression as they all have attachments on the skin and move the skin when they move

Question 3

What are all the superficial muslces of the face innervated by

Answer 3

Cranial nerve 7 aka facial nerve

Question 4

What are the 3 classifications of superficial face muscles

Answer 4

Orbital
Nasal
oral
based on location

Question 5

Where is the occipitofrontalis located

Answer 5

Has two bellies one from deep forehead and one on back of skull

Question 6

What connects the two bellies of the occipitofrontalis

Answer 6

Epicranial aponeurosis

Question 7

What is an aponeurosis

Answer 7

a flat layer of dense connective tissue which connects two bellies

Question 8

When is the action of the occipitofrontalis

Answer 8

raise eyebrow or put fold in skin. If both bellies are working together you can move the skin on the skull back and forth

Question 9

Where is the nasalis muscle

Answer 9

Arises from the left and right maxilla and join in the middle making a muscular bridge

Question 10

When is the action of the nasalis

Answer 10

flattening the norstrils and increases airflow in and out

Question 11

Where is the orbicularis oris found

Answer 11

surround oral cavity. Forms core of upper and lower lips

Question 12

What is the action of orbicularis oris

Answer 12

close your mouth or purse your lips

Question 13

What does the size of your lips depend on

Answer 13

How many muscle fibers you have have in your orbicularis oris

Question 14

What is the action of the risorius muscle

Answer 14

helps in smiling (widening the mouth)

Question 15

Is risorius present in all humans

Answer 15

no - slowly disappearing

Question 16

How many sets of fibers are found in orbicularis oculi muscle

Answer 16

3

Question 17

What are the 3 different sets of fibres found in the orbicularis oculi

Answer 17

1. Palpebral fibres
2. Orbital fibres
3. Lacrimal fibres

Question 18

Where do you find the palpebral fibres

Answer 18

extend into upper and lower eyelid

Question 19

What is the action of the palpebre fibres

Answer 19

to close you eye (as in sleep)

Question 20

Where do you find the orbital fibres

Answer 20

They circle around the orbit

Question 21

What is the action of the orbital fibres

Answer 21

They close the eyes but more in a squinting way

Question 22

Where are the lacrimal fibres of the orbicularis oculi located

Answer 22

attach to the beginning of a duct know as nasal lacrimal duct

Question 23

What occurs when you blink

Answer 23

the lacrimal fibres pull on the nasal lacrimal duct opening it and allowing drainage

Question 24

What are 6 superficial muscles of the face

Answer 24

Occipitofrontalis 
Nasalis 
Orbicularis oris 
Orbicular Oculi 
Risorius muscle 
Buccinator

Question 25

What are 4 deep muscles of the face

Answer 25

1. Masseter 2. Medial pterygoid 3. lateral pterygoid 4. Temporalis

Question 26

All deep muscles of the face are innervated by what nerve

Answer 26

Cranial nerve 5 aka trigenial nerve

Question 27

What is another term for the deep muscles of the face

Answer 27

Muscles of mastication - because they move your mandible when chewing

Question 28

Does the temporalis have more than 1 function? why?

Answer 28

yes, due to different fibres running different directions

Question 29

Where is the temporalis muscle located

Answer 29

From the temporal lobe and fibres converge to insert on the coronoid process of the mandible

Question 30

What do the anterior fibres of the temporalis do? the posterior?

Answer 30

Elevation of the mandible | Retraction of the mandible

Question 31

Where do you find the masseter muscle

Answer 31

arises from the zygomatic arch and inserts on the lateral surface of the angle of the mandible

Question 32

What does the masseter do?

Answer 32

lifts mandible

Question 33

Where do you find the medial pterygoid

Answer 33

originates from the ptergoid process of the sphenoid bone and then runs inferiorly to attach to medial surface of the angle of the mandible

Question 34

How do the muscle fibres of the medial pterygoid run?

Answer 34

obliquely

Question 35

What does the medial pterygoid do?

Answer 35

elevates and protrude mandible can also move mandible to contralateral side

Question 36

When you contract the left medial pterygoid, which way does the mandible move

Answer 36

right

Question 37

Where do you find the lateral pterygoid? superior and inferior fibres

Answer 37

comes from posterior surface of maxillar on pterygoid surface fibres run forward - the superior fibres insert to a disk which sits in temporal mandibular joint. Inferior fibres attach to neck of mandible -

Question 38

What is the action of the superior fibres of the lateral pterygoid

Answer 38

pull disk forward

Question 39

What is the action of the inferior lateral pterygoid fibres, why is there role important?

Answer 39

can move mandible to contralateral side but primarily pulls mandible forward, when mouth is closed temporal mandibular joint is locked in order to unlock you must move it forward slightly preparing the joint to be open

Question 40

How many branches of the trigemial nerve are there?

Answer 40

3

Question 41

What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 41

1. supra-orbital nerve 2. infraorbitalnerve 3. Mental nerve

Question 42

The highest point of the skull is called ...

Answer 42

the vertex

Question 43

Where does the supra-orbital nerve supply

Answer 43

from the upper eyelids to the forehead up until the vertex

Question 44

What does the infraorbital nerve supply

Answer 44

lower eyelid to upper lip

Question 45

What does the mental nerve supply

Answer 45

skin covering the mandible

Question 46

How do all 3 trigeminal nerves exite the skull

Answer 46

by foramens of the same name

Question 47

What is special about the location of the foramen of the supra-orbital nerve, infraorbital nerve, mental nerve

Answer 47

all 3 foramen line up in a vertical line and are sitting 2 inches from midline

Question 48

What are the three division of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 48

Ophthalmic Maxillary Mandibular

Question 49

The opthalmic division gives you the ____ branch

Answer 49

superorbital nerve

Question 50

The maxillary division gives you the ____ branch

Answer 50

Infra-orbital branch

Question 51

The mandibular division gives you the ____ branch

Answer 51

Mental branch

Question 52

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve carry sensory fibres

Answer 52

all 3

Question 53

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve carry moto fibers for the muscles of mastication

Answer 53

only the mandibular division

Question 54

What is the Bell's palsy

Answer 54

a peripheral nerve lesion that involves the motor branches of the cranial nerve 7 (facial nerve).

Question 55

What are the symptoms of the Bell's palsy

Answer 55

The patient usually is unable to blink or whistle, and the corners of the eyes and mouth are not symmetric (drooping). Commonly tears and/or saliva is also dripping.

Question 56

Does Bell's palsy effect motor or sensory fibres

Answer 56

motor

Question 57

What is the cause of Bell's palsy

Answer 57

There is a tiny opening on base of skull (stylomastoid foramen), that only the fibres of cranial nerve 7 ???? help

Question 58

What are the 2 main types of joints

Answer 58

1. solid joints | 2. synovial joints

Question 59

What are the 2 types of solid joints

Answer 59

1. fibrous joint | 2. cartilaginous joints

Question 60

what are the 4 subdivisions of synovial joints

Answer 60

- Monoaxial - biaxial - Multiaxial - non-axial

Question 61

what are the types of fibrous joints

Answer 61

- Sutures - Gomphosis - Syndesmosis

Question 62

What are the types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 62

- Synchondrosis | - Symphysis

Question 63

What are solid joints

Answer 63

bones attached together by connective tissue

Question 64

What are Synovial joints

Answer 64

Have a capsule and the bones are not attached together

Question 65

What are fibrous joints

Answer 65

bones are attached together by dense connective tissue

Question 66

What are cartilaginous joints

Answer 66

bones are connected together by cartilage

Question 67

What are sutures

Answer 67

a very thin little bit of connective tissue

Question 68

Where do you find sutures

Answer 68

in the skull

Question 69

What are gomphosis joints

Answer 69

bones are attached by ligament

Question 70

What is an example of a gomphosis joint

Answer 70

root of tooth and the bones

Question 71

What is an example of syndesmosis

Answer 71

bones are held together by membrane of connective tissue

Question 72

what is an example of a syndesmosis joint

Answer 72

between ulna and radius

Question 73

What are non-axial joints

Answer 73

small synovial joint in which joints can glide together (gliding or planar joints)

Question 74

What is the name of the joint between the jaw and rest of the skull

Answer 74

Temporomandibular joint

Question 75

What type of joint is the TMJ

Answer 75

synovial condylar joint (multiaxial_

Question 76

what are the 3 articular surfaces of the TMJ

Answer 76

1. Mandibular fossa of temporal bone 2. Condylar process of mandible 3. Articular tubercle of temporal bone

Question 77

What does the intra articular discs of the tmj do

Answer 77

increases the congruency of the articular surfaces and cushions them. Makes them fit better. Divides the joint cavity into two separate spaces

Question 78

What is the articular surface of the TMJ covered in

Answer 78

Fibrocartilage - not the typical hyaline cartilage

Question 79

What is the benefit of fibrocartilage

Answer 79

More resistant - stronger joint

Question 80

what is the disadvantage of the fibrocartilage

Answer 80

Can not repair itself - does not have stem cells

Question 81

Cartilage tissue is surrounded by...

Answer 81

a perichondrium

Question 82

What does the perichondrium contain ?

Answer 82

stem cells -

Question 83

Which types of cartilage contain the perichondrium

Answer 83

Elastic cartilgae and hyaline cartilage NOT fibrocartilage

Question 84

What causes the stability of a closed jaw

Answer 84

The head of the mandible is in a concave surface

Question 85

What is the normal ROM of the TMJ

Answer 85

3 knuckles between your teeth

Question 86

What are intrinsic ligaments

Answer 86

ligaments part of a capsule

Question 87

What are extrinsic ligaments

Answer 87

ligaments outside of the capsule or not part of the capsule

Question 88

The TMJ is supported laterally by ___ intrinsic ligament, the ___

Answer 88

1 | LAteral temporomandibular ligament

Question 89

The TMJ is supported medially by ___ intrinsic ligament, the ___

Answer 89

2 Sphenomandibular Stylomandibular

Question 90

To complete the range of movement the head of the mandible must be...

Answer 90

pulled forward by later pterygoid muslce