Joints of the Shoulder

Question 1

What are the 4 joints of the shoulder

Answer 1

• Glenohumeral joint
• Acromio-Clavicular joint
• Sterno-Clavicular joint
• Scapulo-thoracic joint

Question 2

What type of cartilage are the 2 articular surfaces of the GH joint

Answer 2

Hyaline

Question 3

The head of the humerus is _____ than the glenoid cavity

Answer 3

3x larger

Question 4

What is the angle of the head of the humerus to the shaft

Answer 4

135 in men

125 in women and children

Question 5

What does the angle of the head of the humerus determine? what occurs if the angle is less than normal

Answer 5

range of some movements

GT sits higher and hits acromion prematurely limiting ROM

Question 6

What is the labrum of the GH joint made of

Answer 6

fibrocartilage -

Question 7

is repair of the labrum easy?

Answer 7

no - fibrocartilage

Question 8

where is the hyaline cartilage covering the joint cavity the thinness?

Answer 8

in center where a bony elevation is located

Question 9

What is the bony prominence in the middle of the glenoid fossa susceptible to?

Answer 9

OA because hyaline is thinner here than other parts

Question 10

How do you test of OA in the GH joint

Answer 10

do abduction to 90 degrees, if painful = early signs of OA

Question 11

is tendon of biceps intra or extra capsular?

Answer 11

intra

Question 12

Where does the coraco-humeral ligament run? How many bands does it have? Extrinsic or intrinsic?

Answer 12

GT to Coracoid process
2 bands - anterior and posterior
Extrinsic

Question 13

What is the function of the transverse humeral ligament? What is it an extension of? Extrinsic or intrinsic?

Answer 13

Hold the long head of the biceps in the bony groove
Extension of subscapularis
Extrinsic

Question 14

What are 2 causes of biceps tenosynovitis

Answer 14

• Chronic contraction of spasms of subscapularis lead to compression of tendon of long head of biceps
• Paralysis of subscapularis results in ligament being too loose, and tendon snaps in and out

Question 15

How do you test for biceps tenosynovitis

Answer 15

with palms up and elbows at 90 degrees, rotate arsm from full pronation the fo into full supination - if painful positive test

Question 16

What are the bands of the gleno-humeral ligament

Answer 16

Middle
Superior
Inferior

Question 17

What are 3 bursae found in the shoulder joint

Answer 17

• Subacromial bursa
• Subdeltoid bursa
• Subscapular bursa

Question 18

The bursae could fuse with…

Answer 18

the synovial membrane of the joint

Question 19

What must occur in order to perform adduction at the shoulder

Answer 19

must have a little extension or flexion

Question 20

What is the ROM for shoulder abduction?

Answer 20

180

Question 21

What is the ROM for shoulder flexion

Answer 21

180

Question 22

What is the ROM for shoulder extension

Answer 22

50

Question 23

What is the ROM for shoulder adduction

Answer 23

30

Question 24

What is the ROM for shoulder horizontal adduction

Answer 24

140

Question 25

What is the ROM for shoulder horizontal abduction

Answer 25

30

Question 26

What is the ROM for shoulder lateral rotation and medial rotation

Answer 26

lat - 80 | med - 95

Question 27

The Coracoid humeral ligament is stretched by what movement

Answer 27

extension

Question 28

the GH ligaments are stretched by what movement

Answer 28

Lateral rotation

Question 29

what type of joint is the acromio-clavicular

Answer 29

synovial planar joint

Question 30

What is the purpose of the coracoacromial ligament

Answer 30

NOT supporting but rather provide protection to the structures running underneath it

Question 31

What are the two bands of the coraco-clavicular ligament

Answer 31

Conoid and Trapezoid

Question 32

The sternoclavicular joint has 3 _____ligaments, what are they?

Answer 32

3 intrinsic ligaments | Anterior, posterior, and inferior sternoclavicular ligaments

Question 33

The intra articular disc is made up of ____, why?

Answer 33

Fibrocartilage | Because it is the only cynoical joint connecting upper limb to torso, so it gets the cusion of fibrocartilage

Question 34

What are the extrinsic ligaments of the sterno-clavicular joint

Answer 34

Inter-clavicular ligament | Costaclavicular ligament

Question 35

What movements take place at the sternoclavicular joint

Answer 35

Elevation and depression Protraction and retraction Axial rotation of clavicle

Question 36

when does axial rotation of the clavicle occur

Answer 36

when you are passing 90 degrees of flexion

Question 37

What muscle is responsible for axial rotation of the clavicle

Answer 37

subclavius

Question 38

Where does the costoclavicular ligament run?

Answer 38

Between 1st rib and clavicle

Question 39

is the scapulo-thoracic joint an anatomical joint? why is it classified the way it is

Answer 39

no - doesnt have structure | but it moves like a joint and is part of the shoulder complex

Question 40

at which rib do you find the following landmarks: Superior angle of scap Root of scap Infe angle of scap

Answer 40

Rib 2 Rib 3 Rib 7

Question 41

Which ribs contribute to the scapulo-thoracic joint

Answer 41

ribs 2-7

Question 42

When does the upward rotation of scapula start

Answer 42

after 90 degrees of abduction or flexion | When the greater tubercle hits the acromion **might not be fully true**

Question 43

What is the Abduction of GH to upward rotation of scapula ratio? What is this referred to as

Answer 43

2:1 degrees | Scapulo thoracic rhythm

Question 44

Dislocation of the shoulder complex occurs in which drections

Answer 44

anterior posterior

Question 45

Dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint is referred to as....

Answer 45

shoulder separation