Abdominal Viscera Flashcards
(92 cards)
1
Q
which parasympathetic nerve innervates the anterior vagal trunk of the esophagus
A
- left vagus
2
Q
which parasympathetic nerve innervates the posterior vagal trunk of the esophagus
A
- right vagus
3
Q
esophageal arteries arise from
A
- aorta
- bronchial arteries
- left gastric artery
4
Q
esophagus drained by small vessels returning primarily t the _________
A
- azygous system
5
Q
upper 1/3 of esophagus is _______ muscle
middle 1/3 of esophagus is _______ muscle
lower 1/3 of esophagus is ________ muscle
A
- skeletal
- mix of skeletal and smooth
- smooth muscle
6
Q
function of esophagus
A
- conveys bolus of food by perastalsis to stomach
7
Q
parts of the upper esophageal sphincter
A
- pharyngoesophageal sphincter
- cricopharyngeus part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor
8
Q
parts of lower esophageal sphincter
A
- gastroesophageal or cardiac sphincter
9
Q
what is the point of attachment for the gastroepiploic ligament and greater omentum
A
- greater curvature of the stomach
10
Q
what is the point of attachment for the lesser omentum
A
- lesser curvature of the stomach
11
Q
the pyloric orifice is an outlet surrounded by the
A
- pyloric sphincter
12
Q
muscle of the stomach
A
- 3 layers of smooth muscles
13
Q
what are rugae
A
- wrinkles in inner stomach lining
14
Q
function of stomach
A
- acidifies and converts bolus of food into chyme
- produces digestive enzymes and hormones
15
Q
what is the thickening of the middle circular layer of the muscularis externa in the stomach
A
- pyloric sphincter
16
Q
what is a quick pathway from liquids and pills and a site of peptic ulcer formation
A
- magenstrasse
17
Q
dark streaks are found in the ___________ after caustic substance ingestion
A
- magenstrasse
18
Q
what runs from the pyloric orifice in the stomach to the ileocecal junction
A
- small intestine
19
Q
function of small intestine
A
- secretes hormones
- continues digestion
- absorbs resulting metabolites
20
Q
what part of the small intestine is located in the LUQ
A
- jejunum
21
Q
what part of the small intestine is located in the RLQ
A
- ileum
22
Q
what secretes alkaline fluid and urogastrone
where are they located
A
- Brunner’s glands
- small intestine
23
Q
what enhances epithelial cell division and inhibits gastric HCL production
A
- urogastrone
24
Q
what are spiral circular folds that increase the surface area two fold
where are they located
A
- plicae circulares
- small intestine
25
what are large lymphoid nodules that extend into submucosa
where are they located
- Peyer's patches
| - small intestine
26
intestinal villi increase surface area _____ fold
- 10
27
microvilli contain
- actin
28
microvilli increase surface area ______ fold
- 20
29
part of the microvilli that forms barriers due to tight junctions
- zonula occludens
30
which part of the duodenum has a mobile part known as the duodenal cap
- 1st (superior
31
where do most duodenal ulcers occur
- superior part of duodenum
32
1st (superior) part of duodenum corresponds to what vertebral level
- L1
33
which part of the duodenum contains the major and minor papilla
- 2nd (descending)
34
what is the opening of the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct
- major papilla
35
where is the major papilla located
- junction of foregut and midgut
36
what is the opening of the accessory pancreatic duct
- minor papilla
37
2nd (descending) part of duodenum corresponds to what vertebral level
- L2-L3
38
main pancreatic duct and common bile duct converge at the ___________-
- major duodenal papilla
39
what part of the duodenum crosses the aorta under the SMA and has the SMA run over it
- 3rd (inferior or transverse) part
40
what part of the duodenum is the beginning of the midgut
- 3rd
41
the 3rd (inferior or transverse) part of duodenum corresponds to what vertebral level
- L3
42
what part of the duodenum terminates at the duodenal junction
- 4th (ascending)
43
what holds the duodenojejunal junction in place
known as the suspensory muscle of duodenum
composed of smooth or skeletal muscle
- ligament of Treitz
| - skeletal muscle
44
the 4th (ascending) part of duodenum corresponds to what vertebral level
- L2
45
the nutcracker describes the relationship between
- duodenum and SMA
46
jejunum is vascularized by _____ vasa recta
- long vasa recta
47
ileum is vascularized by ________ vasa recta but _______ arterial arcades than the jejunum
- short vasa recta
| - more arterial arcades than the jejunum
48
what is the thickening of the inner circular layers of the muscularis external in the ileum
- ileocecal sphincter
49
function of colon
- absorb fluid and electrolytes
- produce feces and mucus
- house bacteria that produce vitamins B12 and K
50
what is the first part of the colon called
- cecum
51
what the hollow tube connected to the cecum that contains large aggregates of lymphoid tissue
- appendix
52
appendix suspended by the
- mesoappendix
53
traverse colon suspended by the
- transverse mesocolon
54
what occurs 2/3 distance across transverse colon
- division of midgut and hindgut
55
in the division of the midgut and hindgut parasympathetic innervation switches from
- vagus to S2-S4
56
blood supply in the division from the midgut to hindgut switches from
- SMA to IMA
57
sigmoid colon suspended by
- sigmoid mesocolon
58
what extends from the sigmoid colon to the anal canal
- rectum
59
what is the lower part of the rectum where feces are stored
- ampulla
60
superior part of the rectum vascularized by the ______ system
- portal system
61
middle and inferior part of the rectum vascularized by the _____ system
- caval
62
what lies below the pelvic diaphgram and ends at the anus
- anal canal
63
what are spaces in between anal columns called
- anal sinuses
64
membrane or skin above the pectinate line in the anal canal
what about below
- mucous membrane above
| - skin below
65
epithelium above the pectinate line in the anal canal
what about below
- simple columnar/cuboidal above
| - stratified squamous below
66
sensory innervation above the pectinate line in the anal canal
what about below
- visceral above (less sensitive)
| - general below (very sensitive)
67
venous drainage to ________ above the pectinate line in the anal canal
what about below
- portal above
| - systemic below
68
lymphatic drainage to _______ nodes above the pectinate line in the anal canal
what about below
- to internal iliac nodes above
| - to superficial inguinal nodes below
69
the internal anal sphincter is smooth or skeletal muscle
what about external
- smooth
| - skeletal
70
what is the largest visceral organ in the body
where is it located
- liver
| - right hypochondriac and epigastric regions
71
what attaches the liver to the abdominal wall
- falciform ligament
72
what attaches the liver to the diaphragm
- triangular and coronary ligament
73
what attaches the liver to the stomach and is part of the lesser omentum
- hepatogastric ligament
74
what attaches the liver to the duodenum and is part of the lesser omentum
- hepatoduodenal ligament
75
what is the point of entry for hepatic arteries and the portal vein and the exit point for hepatic ducts
- porta hepatis
76
left lobe of the liver includes which lobes
- quadrate lobe
| - caudate lobe
77
liver blood flow
- portal vein
- branches of portal vein
- sinusoids
- central vein
- sublobular vein
- hepatic vein
78
which parts of the portal triad enter the liver
which parts leave
- proper hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein
| - common hepatic duct
79
where does the common hepatic duct drain
- cystic duct into the gallbladder
| - common bile duct
80
once bile has been released from the gallbladder, what is its path
- cystic duct
- common hepatic duct
- common bile duct
- duodenum
81
function of gallbladder
- receives, concentrates, and stores bile from liver
82
blood supply of pancrease
- anterior/posterior superior pancreaticduodenal arteries (from celiac)
- dorsal pancreatic branches of splenic artery (from celiac)
- anterior/posterior inferior pancreaticduodenal arteries (from SMA)
83
parasympathetic nervous system is (craniosacral/thoracolumbar) in origin?
what about sympathetic
- craniosacral
| - thoracolumber
84
pre/post cell length in parasympathetic
what about sympathetic
- long:short
| - short:long
85
synapse location of parasympathetic
what about sympathetic
- wall of organ
| - ganglia
86
postsynaptic neurotransmitter of parasympathetic
what about sympathetic
- acetylcholine
| - NE
87
parasympathetic action on anal sphincter
sympathetic action on anal sphincter
- inhibit anal sphincter
| - contract anal sphincter
88
innervation of foregut at what vertebral levels
by what nerves
- T5-T9
| - greater thoracic splanchnic and vagus
89
innervation of midgut and kidney at what vertebral levels
by what nerves
- T10-T11
| - lesser thoracic splanchnic and vagus
90
innervation of hindgut at what vertebral levels
by what nerves
- L1-L2 (lumbar splanchnic)
| - S2-S4 (pelvic splanchnic)
91
what ends at the second part of the duodenum
- foregut
92
what ends near the junction of the transverse colon
- midgut
