Anterior Abdominal Wall and the Inguinal Region Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
draw out the regions of the abdominal wall
A
Right hypochondriac I Epigastric I Left Hypochondriac
Right Lumbar I Umbilical I Left Lumbar
Right Inguinal I Pubic (hypogastric) I Left Inguinal
2
Q
which plane separating the 9 regions passes through the 10th costal cartilage
A
- subcostal
3
Q
which plane separating the 9 regions passes through the iliac tubercles (crest)
A
- transtubercular
4
Q
which plane separating the 9 regions passes midline of the clavicle to the mid-inguinal region
A
- midclavicular lines
5
Q
which plane separating the 4 quadrants passes through the umbilicus at L4
A
- transumbilical
6
Q
which plane separating the 4 quadrants is the vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves
A
- median plane
7
Q
functions of muscles of the abdominal wall
A
- move the trunk
- help maintain posture
- protect underlying abdominal viscera
- maintain or increase intra-abdominal pressures to assist with bodily functions
- assist in respiration
8
Q
the 5 muscles of the anterior abdominal wall
A
- external oblique
- internal oblique
- transversus abdominis
- rectus abdominis
- pyramidalis
9
Q
which muscles of the anterior abdominal wall are enclosed in the rectus sheath
A
- rectus abdominis
- pyramidalis
10
Q
which muscles make up most of the anterior and lateral walls of the abdomen
A
- external oblique
- internal oblique
- transversus abdominis
11
Q
each of the three muscles have large, flat ______ which constitute most of the anterior abdominal wall and contribute to the formation of the _______
A
- aponeuroses
- form the rectus sheath
12
Q
the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall are all innervated by
A
- thoracoabdominal nerves
13
Q
which muscle of the anterior abdominal wall is the largest and most superficial
A
- external oblique
14
Q
external oblique muscles course ________ and transform into an aponeurosis at the ________
A
- inferomedially
- mid-clavicular line
15
Q
the thickened ______ edge of the aponeurosis fo the external oblique forms the _________
A
- thickened, inferior edge
- forms the inguinal ligament
16
Q
the inguinal ligament attaches laterally to __________ and medially to _________
A
- laterally to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
- medially to the pubic tubercle
17
Q
internal oblique fibers fan out and also become aponeurotic where
A
- mid clavicular line
18
Q
all three flat muscles of the abdominal wall attach centrally to
A
- linea alba
19
Q
what are long, strap like vertical muscle that are separated by the linea alba
A
- rectus abdominis
20
Q
rectus abdominis is enclosed within the
A
- rectus sheath
21
Q
tendinous intersections within the muscles are sites of
A
- attachment to the overlying rectus sheath
22
Q
what muscle is very small and tenses the linea alba
A
- pyramidalis
23
Q
wha muscles forms most of the posterior abdominal wall
A
- psoas major and minor
- iliacus
- quadratus lumborum
- diaphragm
- transversus abdominis
24
Q
the psoas major and ilacus muscle unite to form the _____
A
- iliopsoas muscle
25
what muscle is the primary flexor of the hip
- iliopsoas muscle
26
what muscle laterally flexes the vertebral column and serves as a "hip hiker"
- quadratus lumborum
27
the caval opening for the inferior vena cava is at what vertebrae level
- T8
28
the esophageal hiatus for passage of the ESOPHAGUS and VAGUS nerve is located at which vertebrae level
- T10
29
the aortic hiatus where the aorta passes through is located at which vertebrae level
- T12
30
what layer of the abdominal wall lies beneath the skin and is superficial to the abdominal muscles
- superficial fascia
31
what are the two components of the superficial fascia
- superficial layer (camper's)
| - deep membranous (scarpa's)
32
which layer is the subcutaneous layer of fat
- camper's fascia
33
which layer is the tough fibrous layer just deep to the overlying fatty layer
- scarpa's fascia
34
what layer of fat lies deep to the muscles
- transversalis fascia
35
which layer of fat is a thin serous membrane that lines the inside of the abdominal cavity
- peritoneum
36
layers of the abdominal wall from external to internal
- skin
- camper's fascia
- scarpa's fascia
- external oblique
- internal oblique
- tranversus abdominus
- transversalis fascia
- peritoneum
37
what is a strong fibrous compartment surrounding the rectus abdominis muscles along the anterior aspect of the abdominal wall
- rectus sheath
38
the rectus sheath is formed by the interweaving aponeuroses of
- external oblique
- internal oblique
- transversus abdominis
39
what do the aponeurosis of the rectus sheath look like in the superior aspect of the abdominal wall (above the arcuate line)
- completely surround the rectus abdominis
40
what do the aponeurosis of the rectus sheath look like in the above an inch below the umbilicus (below the arcuate line)
- course anterior to the rectus abdominis
41
what is the single midline fold created by the median umbilical ligament that is an obliterated remnant of the urachus
- median umbilical fold
42
median umbilical fold is an obliterated remnant of the
- urachus
43
what is the urachus
- fetal connection between bladder and umbilicus
44
what are the paired folds created by the medial umbilical ligaments that are remnants of the umbilical arteries
- medial umbilical folds
45
medial umbilical folds are remnants of obliterated
- fetal umbilical arteries
46
what are the two paired folds created by the underlying inferior epigastric vessels
- lateral umbilical folds
47
what is the remnant of the obliterated umbilical vein that extends from the umbilicus to the liver
- round ligament of the liver
48
what covers the round ligament of the liver
- falciform ligament
49
what is the double layer of peritoneum that reflects between the liver and the anterior abdominal wall
- falciform ligament
50
superior epigastrics form from
- the internal thoracic artery
51
inferior epigastrics form from
- the external iliac artery
52
both the epigastric vessels anastomose with each other within ________
- the rectus abdominis muscle
53
the ventral rami of the thoracic spinal nerves innervate the abdominal wall at what levels
- T7-L1
54
what is another name for T7-T12
- thoracoabdominal nerves
55
what is another name for the ventral ramus of T12
- subcostal nerve
56
L1 ventral ramus divides into two named nerves
- iliohypogastric nerve
| - ilioinguinal nerve
57
which nerve passes through much of the inguinal canal
- ilioinguinal nerve
58
what is an oblique passageway that passes through the inferior abdominal wall which allows structures to pass between the abdominopelvic cavity and perineum (external genital region)
- inguinal canal
59
what are the two openings to the inguinal canal
- deep inguinal ring
| - superficial inguinal ring
60
which opening to the inguinal canal is located inside the abdominal wall
- deep inguinal ring
61
which opening to the inguinal canal is an opening in the medial aspect of the aponeurosis of the external oblique
- superficial inguinal ring
62
the main structure of males traversing the inguinal canal is the
- spermatic cord
63
the main structure of females traversing the inguinal canal is the
- round ligament of the uterus
64
which nerve of both sexes also traverses through much of the inguinal canal ultimately innervating the skin of the scrotum in males and labia major in females
- ilioinguinal nerve
65
what is a potential area of weakness in males due to passage of the spermatic cord
- inguinal canal
66
the inferior aspect of the aponeurosis of the external oblique forms the
- inguinal ligament
67
what is the fusion of the aponeuroses of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis as they insert onto the pubic crest
- conjoint tendon
68
what contains the neurovasculature of the testes and the ductus defers (vas deferents)
- spermatic cords
69
the testicles begin their development where
- within the abdominal cavity
70
the testicles begin their development within the abdominal cavity and descend into the scrotum attached and pulled by
- the gubernaculum
71
what is the out pocketing of the peritoneum that protrudes into the scrotum along with the testicle and its neurovasculature
what happens to it later
- processes vaginalis
| - later degenerates
72
the external spermatic fascia forms from the
- external oblique
73
the middle spermatic fascia forms from the
- internal oblique
74
another name for middle spermatic fascia
- cremasteric
75
the internal spermatic fascia forms from the
- transversalis fascia
76
does the transverses abdominis provide a layer to the spermatic cord?
NO
77
the remaining aspect of the processes vaginalis that does not degenerate that surrounds the anterolateral aspect of the testicle
- tunica vaginalis
78
what is the branch of the aorta that vascularizes the testicle
- testicular artery
79
what is the fibromuscular tube that transmits sperm from the testicle to the pelvis
- ductus (vas) deferens
80
what helps with venous drainage of the testicle
what is its role
- pampiniform plexus of the veins
| - thermoregulation
81
what innervates the cremaster muscle and causes the cremaster reflex
- genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
82
what is a protrusion of a visceral structure into a space that it doesn't normally occupy
- hernia
83
what is an indirect inguinal hernia
- a congenital defect
84
what is a direct inguinal hernia
- abdominal wall/fascia weakness
85
what type of hernia most often occurs in children
- indirect inguinal
86
what type of hernia follows the path of the spermatic cord through the deep and superficial rings resulting in contents pushed into the scrotum
- indirect inguinal
87
what type of hernia most often occurs in middle aged males
- direct inguinal
88
what type of hernia allows viscera to protrude through the medial end of the inguinal canal result in contents outside of the spermatic cord
- direct inguinal
89
the inguinal ligament is what aspect of the inguinal (Hesselbach's) triangle
- inferior
90
the epigastric vessels are what aspect of the inguinal (Hesselbach's) triangle
- lateral
91
the rectus abdominis is what aspect of the inguinal (Hesselbach's) triangle
medial
92
direct inguinal hernia's protrude ______ to the epigastric vessels and through the _____
- medial
| - inguinal triangle
93
indirect inguinal hernias protrude _________ to the epigastric vessels and down the ______
- lateral
| - deep ring
