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GI Midterm 1 > Gastric, Small Intestinal, and Colonic Motility Module (Quiz) > Flashcards

Gastric, Small Intestinal, and Colonic Motility Module (Quiz) Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

anatomic divisions of the stomach

A
  • fundus
  • corpus/body
  • antrum
  • pylorus
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2
Q

functional divisions of the stomach

A
  • proximal reservoir

- distal antrum pump

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3
Q

the musculature of the ________ is adapted to maintain tonic contraction and allow periods of relaxation while the muscles of the _________ contract phasically

A
  • musculature of the proximal stomach

- while muscles of the antral pump contract

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4
Q

what is tonic contraction

A
  • contraction for long periods of time
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5
Q

two functions of gastric reservoir

A
  • accomodate ingested material during a meal

- maintain compressive force on ingested contents to push material towards antral pump

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6
Q

gastric accommodation occurs via ______ of the fundus which ______ gastric volume

A
  • relaxation of the funds

- increases gastric volume

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7
Q

what happens if you don’t have appropriate coordinated accomodation

A
  • early satiety
  • nausea
  • epigastric pain
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8
Q

3 types of relaxation

A
  • receptive relaxation
  • adaptive relaxation
  • feedback relaxation
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9
Q

_________ relaxation is a reflex triggered by the act of swallowing through stimulation of ___________ which stimulate _______ motor neurons in the enteric nervous system via efferent _______ fibers

A
  • receptive relaxation
  • mechanoreceptors
  • inhibitory motor neurons
  • vagal fibers
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10
Q

_________ relaxation is a ______ reflex trigged by distention of the _______ by mechanoreceptors within the gastric wall

A
  • adaptive relaxation
  • vago-vagal reflex
  • gastric reservoir
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11
Q

_________ relaxation is triggered by the presence of nutrients entering the small intestine

A
  • feedback
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12
Q

gastric reservoir innervated by which neurons

of which nervous system

under which control

A
  • excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons
  • of enteric nervous system
  • under control by efferent vagal fibers
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13
Q

what is the primary function of the antral pump

why

A
  • trituration

- grinds particles small enough to empty into duodenum

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14
Q

3 phases of the antral pump

A
  • propulsion
  • emptying
  • retropulsion
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15
Q

what happens during propulsion

A
  • gastric action potentials create a leading and trailing contraction
  • leadings contraction pushes bolus towards antrum which triggers contraction of pyloric muscle
  • some material empties into duodenum
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16
Q

what happens during retropulsion

A
  • trailing contraction pushes gastric contents against closed pylorus
  • repulses contents back into reservoir
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17
Q

importance of antral pump

A
  • prevents solid masses greater than 7 mm from entering duodenum
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18
Q

another important function of gastric motility

A
  • delivery of gastric contents that does not overload digestive and absorptive functions of small intestine
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19
Q

the rate of gastric emptying is adjusted by ______ control to compensate for variations in _____, ______, and ______ of gastric contents

A
  • neural control

- volume, composition, and physical state of gastric contents

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20
Q

speed of meals contains protein, fats, and carbs

A
  • carbs leave stomach fastest
  • then protein
  • fats are slowest
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21
Q

rate of emptying also depends on the ________ pressure of material entering duodenum

A
  • osmotic pressure
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22
Q

hyperosmolarity of the duodenal content is sensed by _______ that initiate a _______ in gastric emptying through neuronal feedback

Study These Flashcards
A
  • duodenal osmoreceptors
  • decrease

BASICALLY ITS TOO PACKED TOGETHER SO YOU HAVE TO TAKE LONGER TO BREAK IT DOWN

23
Q

which empty fastest, liquids or solids

Study These Flashcards
A
  • liquids empty fastest
24
Q

3 small intestinal motility patterns

Study These Flashcards
A
  • interdigestive
  • digestive
  • power propulsion
25
when does the interdigestive state begin
- when digestion and absorption of nutrients are complete
26
the pattern of motility in the interdigestive state is characterized by ________
- migrating motor complex
27
migrating motor complex starts as __________ contractions arising from ________
- large-amplitude contractions | - distal stomach
28
path of the contractions
- distal stomach - duodenum - small intestine - terminal ileum
29
3 phases of migrating motor complex
1. silent period with no contractile activity 2. irregularly occurring contractions 3. regularly occurring contractions
30
phase II and III together make up the activity front within which _______ waves propel contents ______ through the lumen
- peristaltic waves propel contents distally through the lumen
31
as one activity front _____ in the ileum another one ____ in the antrum
- ends in the ileum | - begins in the antrum
32
cycling of the migrating motor complex occurs until which
- more food is ingested | - ceases the migrating motor complex
33
how migrating motor complex helps the gallbladder
- coordinated contraction of gallbladder to deliver bile to duodenum - bile reabsorbed in terminal ileum - minimizes the accumulation of bile in the gallbladder and increases movement of bile acids during the interdigestive state - prevents formation of gallstones
34
how migrating motor complex helps intestinal lumen
- clears indigestible debris from lumen in interdigestive state
35
how migrating motor complex helps small intestine
- prevents overgrowth of microorganisms in small intestine because lumen contents are always moving
36
migrating motor complex controlled by which system
- enteric nervous system
37
during digestive state a ______ pattern of motility replaces the migrating motor complex
- mixing pattern of motility (segmentation)
38
_____ muscle contraction in short propulsive segments are separated on either end by ____ receiving segments importance
- circular muscle contraction - separated by relaxed receiving segments - propulsive segment sends chyme in both directions to receiving segments
39
what happens in receiving segments
- stirring and mixing occur
40
importance of segmentation
- small bowel contents have greater time in contact with mucosa which increases absorption
41
_______ involves strong, long-lasting contractions of ___ muscle that propagate for extended distances along the ____
- power propulsion - circular - small and large intestine
42
power propulsion occurs in the _____ direction during emesis in the small intestine and in the ______ direction in response to noxious stimulation in both small and large intestine
- retrograde (backwards) during emesis | - antegrade (forwards) during noxious stimuli
43
symptoms associated with power propulsions
- abdominal cramping | - diarrhea
44
how is power propulsion a defensive adaptation
- rapid clearance of undesirable contents from the small intestine lumen
45
between small and large intestine, which contains mixture of remnants of several meals
- large intestine
46
primary motility pattern of the colon
- ring-like contraction of circular muscle that divide colon into haustra pockets
47
difference between haustration in large intestine and segmentation of small intestine
- contracting and receiving segments in haustration remain in their states much longer - haustration form and reform at different sites
48
haustration during fasting
- propulsion in both directions | - reabsorb water without net forward propulsion
49
haustration during net forward propulsion purpose
- contents of one haustra pushed into adjacent region where a second haustral pocket is - compacts feces
50
what triggers power propulsion in the large intestine
- increased delivery of ileal chyme into ascending colon | - irritant laxatives
51
power propulsion of feces in the healthy bowel typically begins in the _________ colon causing
- mid-transverse | - causes cessation of haustration
52
what part of the colon is the primary location of water and electrolyte absorption
- transverse colon
53
importance of sigmoid colon and rectum
- storage of stool until time for defecation

GI Midterm 1 (25 decks)

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