Abdominal Viscera and Peritoneum Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
Where does the the abdominal cavity extend
A
Thoracic diaphragm to pelvic inlet of bony pelvis
2
Q
What lines the abdominal cavity and most of the viscera inside
A
Peritoneum
3
Q
What is the membrane that lines the abdominal walls
A
Parietal peritoneum
4
Q
What membrane layer surrounds the organs
A
visceral peritoneum
5
Q
How does the viseral peritoneum attach to the parietal peritoneum
A
by double layer peritoneum called a mesentery
6
Q
Where do the nerves and vessels to viscera generally run
A
Between the two layers of peritoneum composing the mesentery
7
Q
What 7 organs are included in the abdominal viscera
A
GI tract LIver Gallbladder Pancreas spleen kidney suprarenal gland
8
Q
What are intraperitoneal organs
A
Those viscera covered by visceral peritoneum and suspended from body wall by mesenteries
9
Q
Where do most mesenteries of organs attach
A
posterior body wall
10
Q
What 2 organs mesenteries attach some to the anterior wall
A
Liver and stomach
11
Q
What are retroperitoneal organs
A
organs posterior to the parietal peritoneum and partially covered (one surface) by peritoneum
12
Q
What seperates the thoracic and abdominal cavity
A
diaphragm
13
Q
Where does the diaphram attach
A
Inner margins of thoracic outlet and superior 3 lumbar vertebrae
14
Q
What anchors the diaphragm to the anterolateral surfaces of the lumbar vertebrae
A
Crura
15
Q
What unites the crura on the vertebrae
A
Median arcuate ligament
16
Q
What do the united crura on the lumbar vertebrae form
A
aortic hiatus
17
Q
What bridges the anterior surfaces of the psoas major
A
meidal arcuate (fascial thickening)
18
Q
What bridges the anterior surfaces of the quadratus lumborum muscles
A
lateral arcuate ligaments
19
Q
Where is the stomach located in the abdominal cavity
A
upper left quadrant
20
Q
Which border of the stomach is denoted the greater curvature
A
The long convex border (on the left)
21
Q
Which border of the stomach is denoted the lesser curvature
A
The shorter concave border (on the right)
22
Q
What are the 4 regions of the stomach
A
Cardia
fundus
body
pyloric region
23
Q
Where is the cardia portion of the stomach
A
part immediately surrounding esophageal orifice
24
Q
Where is the body portion of the stomach
A
The are in between the fundus and funnel shaped distal end
25
Where is the fundus portion of the stomach
Dilated superior part related to the left dome of the diaphragm
26
What are the two portions of the plyoric region of the stomach
```
antrum
pylorus (constricted)
```
27
What characterizes the pylorus region of the pyloric region of the stomach
distinct sphincter
28
What covers the stomach on the outside
peritoneum
29
Where are the mesenteries attached to the stomach
Greater and lesser curvatures
30
What is the span of the small intestine (start-end)
Starts at pyloric sphincter
| Ends at ileocecal orifice of large intestine
31
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine (in order from first to last)
Duodenum
Jejunum
Illeum
32
What are the 4 parts of the duodenum (in order from first to last)
superior
descending
horizontal
ascending
33
What is the shortest part of the small intestine
Duodenum
34
How long is the duodenum and where does it start and end
Foot long
Start Pylorus
End Duodenojejunal junction
35
What shape does the duodenum take and around what organ
C shape
| around the head of pancreas
36
What 2 things pass posterior to the superior part of the duodenum
Common bile duct and portal vein
37
What 2 ducts join to insert in the descending section of the duodenum
Common bile and pancreatic ducts
38
What passes anteriorly to the horizontal section of the duodenum
Superior mesenteric arteries
39
What is the shortest part of the duodenum
ascending duodenum
40
What is the relation of the comon bile duct to the duodenum
passes posterior to superior part of duodenum then joins with pancreatic duct to insert in the descending part of the duodenum
41
What sections of the duodenum are retroperitoneal
horizontal,
descending,
ascending
42
What supports the duodenojejunal flexure
Suspensory muscle of duodenum (ligament of treitz)
43
Where does the suspensory muscle of the duodenum attach
to the diaphragm
44
Where does the Jejunum section of the small intestine primarily lie
Upper left quadrant of the adomen
45
What allows the jejunum to be mobile
It is suspended by mesentery
46
Compare the walls of the jejunum and the ilium
Jejunum is thicker and more vascular than ileum
47
Where does the ileum section of the small intestine primarily lie
in the lower right quadrant, suspended by a mesentery
48
Where does the ileum empty
into cecum at ileocecal junction
49
What 3 surface features distinguish the large intestine from the small intestine
Teniae coli
Haustra
Omental appendices
50
What are the teniae colie
three bands of longitudinal muscles shorter than the rest of the organ
51
What are the haustra
Sacculations produced by contracture of the teniae coli
52
What are tha omental appendicies
deposits of fat attached to the external intestinal wall
53
What are the 5 parts of the large intestine
```
Cecum
Appendix:
Colon:
Rectum:
Anal Canal:
```
54
What is the structure of the cecum and where is it located
blind pouch inferior to the ileocecal junction covered in peritoneum
Located in right lower quadrant
55
What is the appendix and where does it arrise
Blind diverticulum with limited lumen and a small mesenery
arrises off of cecum a few cm inferior to ileocecal junction
56
What are the 4 different sections of the colon
Ascending
transverse
descending
sigmoid
57
Where does the ascending colon lie
right side of the posterior abdominal wall inferior to the right lobe of the liver
58
what is the size relation of the ascending colon to the cecum
ascending colon is notably narrower
59
What is the transition point between the ascending and transverse colon called
right colic (hepatic) flexure
60
Which is the most moveable portion of the colon
Transverse
61
What is the path of the transverse colon as it moves to the left
Descends some at its midpoint but conforms to the greater curvature of the stomach
62
What is the transition point between the transverse colon and the descending colon
Left Colic (splenic) Flexure
63
What is the highest point attained by the large intestine
```
transition between transverse and descending colon
Left colic (splenic) Flexure
```
64
What is the size relationship between the transverse and descending colon
Descending colon is much narrower
65
What is the path of the descinding colon
Descends along the left side of the body wall towardds the illiac fossa
66
What is the shape of the sigmoid colon
s shaped (begins and ends in midline)
67
Where does the sigmoid colon begin
pelvic brim
68
Which parts of the colon are intraperitoneal
Transverse and sigmoid colon have mesenteries
69
Which parts of the colon are retroperitoneal
ascending and descending colons
70
What is the name of the small mesentery of the appendix
mesoappendix
71
Where is the rectum located/Begin and end
In the pelvic cavity
begining at S3 vertebrae
curves inferiorly
Ending: in front of the tip of the coccyx
72
How can you denote the location of the rectosigmoidal junction
Termination of teniae coli and omenta appendices
73
How does the peritoneum cover the rectum
superior third covered anteriorly and laterally by peritoneum
inferor two thirds are subperitoneal
74
What occupies most of the upper right quadrant of the abdomen
LIver
75
What quadrants is the liver found in
Upper right and left
76
what are the two surfaces of the liver and what seperates them
Anterosuperior (diaphragmatic)
Posteroinferior (visceral)
Seperated anteriorly by sharp inferior border
77
What 5 impressions can be found in the visceral surface of the liver
```
right colic flexure
right suprarenal gland
stomach
inferior vena cava
galbladder
```
78
What seperates the liver into functional left and right lobes
Caval and gallbladder fossae
79
What is the location where vessels and ducts enter and leave the liver and where is it located
Porta hepatis
| Middle of visceral surface
80
How is the liver supplied with blood and drained of bile
Each lobe has its own blood supply and biliary drainage (via duct system)
81
Where are the posterior and anterior fissures located on the liver
left of the porta hepatis
82
What is the posterior fissure for
ligamentum venosum (obliterated ductus venosus
83
What is the anterior fissure for
Ligamentum teres (obliterated umbilical vein)
84
What is the liver tissue between the gallbladder fossa and the fissure for the ligamentum teres called
Quadrate lobe
85
What is the liver tissue between the caval fossa and fissure for legamentum venosum called
Caudate lobe
86
What covers most of the visceral and diaphragmatic surfaces of the liver
Visceral peritoneum
87
What are the areas of the liver not covered by visceral peritoneum
porta hepatis and a posterior area called bare area
88
What 4 things do Mesenteries attach the liver to
anterior abdominal wall
diaphragm
stomach
duodenum
89
where is the gall blader located and what does it do
visceral surface of liver
| reservoir for bile
90
What are the 3 parts of the gall bladder
fundus
body
neck
91
What i the neck of the gall bladder continuous with
Cystic duct
92
What does the gallbladder recieve bile through
Cystict duct from the common hepatic duct
93
What forms the common hepatic duct
Left and right hepatic ducts
94
Where does the common bile duct drain
Into the descending portion of the duodenum
95
what binds the gallbladder to the liver
Peritoneum
96
Where do the cystic and common bile ducts pass through
Mesentery
97
Where does the pancreas lie in the abdomen
transversely across the posterior abdominal wall,
from the duodenum to the spleen
at the level of the kidneys
Posterior to stomach and other abdominal viscera
98
What are the 4 components of the pancreas
Head
neck
body
tail
99
What defines the head of the pancreas
the c shaped curve of the duodenum
100
insertion of the lower left portion of the pancreas head posterior to the superior messenteric vessels forms what
uncinate process
101
What sections of the pancreas are retroperitoneal
Head
neck
body
NOT TAIL
102
That forms when the duct system of the pancreas joins the common bile duct
Dilation called Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Collective duct then penetrates descending duodenum
103
Where is the spleen located relative to the stomach diaphragm and ribs
left and posterior to upper part of stomach
| against diaphram and ribs
104
What are the two surfaces of the spleen
Diaphragmatic (curved portion)
| visceral (triangular outline)
105
Where do splenic vessels enter and leave the spleen
Hilum on the visceral surface
106
What lies between layers of mesentery which attach the stomach to the posterior wall
the spleen
107
Where are the kidneys located
upper portion of posterior abdominal wall on either side of vertebral column
108
Which kidney is lower than the other
Right kidney generally inferior because of liver
109
What 3 things is the right kidney related to
duodenum
liver
right colic flexure
110
What 4 things i the left kidney related to
pancreas
spleen
stomach
descending colon
111
Are kidneys retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal
Retroperitoneal
112
What helps protect kidneys from trauma
Being retroperitoneal? and embedded in fat
113
What is the progression from collection duct to ureter in kidneys
```
Collecting ducts
Renal Papilla: project into
Minor calyces: Coalesce to form
Major calyces: join up to form
renal pelvis: dialated portion of ureter
```
114
What is the dilated proximal portion of the ureter
Renal pelvis
115
What lies on superiomedially on top of each kidney and what surrounds them
Suprarenal glands
| Renal fascia
116
What is the shape of the right suprarenal gland
triangular
117
What is the shape of the left suprarenal gland
Semilunar
118
Are the suprarenal glands retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal
retroperitoneal
119
What is the difference between th peritoneal cavity in men and women
Women is open, uterine tube provide means of communication between peritoneal cavity and exterior of body
120
What are two more specific designations for mesntery
Ormentum and ligament
121
What is an omentum
Peritoneal structure attached to stomach
122
What is a ligament
more defined area of peritoneum that connects an organ with another or to the abdominal wall
123
What are the 7 derivateives of the dorsal mesentery
```
Greater omentum
Splenorenal ligmament
mesentery of small intestine
Mesoappendix
transverse mesocolon
phrenicocolic ligament
sigmoid mesocolon
```
124
What are the 3 derivatives of the ventral mesentery
Lesser omentum
Falciform ligament
Coronary ligament
