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Anatomy Block 3 > Anterolateral Abdominal wall > Flashcards

Anterolateral Abdominal wall Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

What is the most prominent feature of the skin of the abdomen and where is it located relative to vertebrae

A

umbilicus

midway between xiphoid and pubic symphysis (approx between 3rd and 4th lumbar)

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2
Q

What are the two layers of fascia inferior to the umbilicus

A 
superficial fatty layer (campers)
deeper membranous (scarpas)
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3
Q

What fascia layer is continuous with the deeper membrounous layer as it approches the pubis

A

superficial perineal fascia

also adheres to the fascia lata of thigh

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4
Q

What fascia thickens in males over the midline of the pubic symphysis

A

deeper membranous (also then passes infeiorly on each side of the penis)

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5
Q

What makes up the fundiform ligament of the penis

A

thickening of the deeper membranous fascia

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6
Q

WHat muscles and their aponeuroses provide the main support and prootection for abdominal viscera

A

External oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis
rectus abdominis

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7
Q

What are the main roles to the flat muscles of the trunk

A

lateral flexors
rotators
incease intrabdominal presusure (defecation, urination, parturition {child birth})

(rectus abdominus also powerful flexor)

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8
Q

What is the largest and most superficial flat muscle an where does it originate and insert

A

External oblique
origin: lower 8 ribs
insert illiac crest, pubic tubercle, and linea alba

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9
Q

What is the name for the intertwining of aponeurotic fibers of the 3 flat muscles at the midline

A

Linea alba

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10
Q

What is the main orientation for the muscle fibers of the external oblique

A

medial and inferior

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11
Q

What forms the inguinal ligament

A

inferior thickened border of the muscle aponeurosis of the external oblique

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12
Q

Which muscle lies deep to the external oblique

A

Internal oblique

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13
Q

Where does the internal oblique originate and insert

A

originates: illiac crest and inguinal ligament
Insert:

Superior and middle fibers: lower 3 ribs and the linea alba (lie perpendicular to external oblique)

Inferior: insert with aponeurotic fibers of transversus abdominis into pubis

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14
Q

Which is the deepest of the flat muscles and its origin insertion

A

Transversus abdominis
Originates: lower 6 costal cartilages, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament
Insets:inferior onto pubs others into linea alba

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15
Q

what tow muscles combine to form the conjoint tendon and where does it insert

A

Infeior fibers of transversus abdominus and inferior fibers of internal oblique

insertinto pubis

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16
Q

Where do most fibers of transversus abdominis run

A

transversely into linea alba

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17
Q

What forms a sheath around the rectus abdominis

A

aponeurotic fibers of the three flat muscles

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18
Q

What are considered the 3 flat muslces

A

External oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis

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19
Q

Where does rectus abdominis insert and originate

A

lies on either side of linea alba
originates: superior ramus of pubus
inserts xiphoid process and costal cartilage of ribs 5-7

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20
Q

What membrane covers the deep surface of the transversus abdominis and ts aponeurosis

A

Transversallis fascia

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21
Q

what is the name for the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

A

peritoneum

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22
Q

What is present in the rectus sheath at the level of the xiphoid process

A

the aponeurosis of the external oblique

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23
Q

What forms the superior portion of the anterior rectus sheath

A

the aponeurosis of the external oblique at the level of the xiphoid process

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24
Q

What in general forms the sheath of the rectus abdominis

A

the aponeuroses and fasciae of the 3 flat musces

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25
What forms the sheath of the ructus abdominis at the level between the halway mark of the pubic symphasisis and the umbilicis and just above the umbilicis
anterior: external obliuqe and anterior aponorosisis of the interinal oblique Posterior transveruss abdominius and the posterior layer of the internal oblique
26
What is the arcuate line
the shift in the arrangement of the rectus sheath below the midleine between the ubilicis and the pubic symphasis
27
What forms the sheath of the rectus abdominis below the arcuate line
Internal obliuqe does not split Anterior has internal oblique external oblique and trasnversus abdominus posterior has transversalis fascia and peritoneum
28
what is the pyramidalis
An insignificant small triangular muscle which frequently lies on the anterior inferior surface of the rectus muscle
29
What interupts the contnuity of the muscle fibers of the rectus abdominus
three to for tendinous intersections attaching it to the anterior wall of the sheath
30
what nerves supplies the skin and muscle of the abdominal wall
continuations of the lower intercostal nerves (7-11) and subcostal nerves t 12.
31
Where do the nerves which supply the skin and muscle of the abdominal wall run
between teh internal oblique and the transversus abdominis (through most of their course)
32
What supplies the inferior part of the abdominal wall
Iliohypogastric (L1) Iliolinuinal (L1) branches of lumbar plexus
33
What dermatome supplies the umbilicus
T 10
34
What dermatome supplies the xiphoid process
T 6
35
What dermutome supplies the pubic symphysis
L1
36
what are the 3 main arteries of the abdominal wall and the other 3 accesory arteries
Inferior epigastric deep circumflex iliac (branches of external iliac) superior epigastric (a terminal branch of internal thoracic) Intercostal arteries, Lumbar arteries, superfical branches of femoral (superficial epigastric, superficial circumflexiliac, superficial external pudendal)
37
What artery runs superiorly toward umilicus into the recuts sheath at the arcuate line and what does it anastomose with
Inferior epigastric and anastomoses with branches of superior epigastric and intercostal arteries
38
What is the inferior free border of the external oblique aponeurosis
inguinal ligament
39
Where does the inguinal ligament extend
from anterior superior iliac spin to pubic tubercle
40
What attaches to the inguinal ligament laterally and medially
laterally: internal oblique and transversus abdominus medially: it flattens and attaches to pictineal ine of puis to form lacunar ligament
41
What is the superficial inguinal ring and where is it located
triangluar cleft in the exernal oblique aponeruosis superior to the pubic tubercle
42
IS the superficial inguinal ring larger in males or females
Its sizable in the male but small in females
43
What are the strong bands of fibers which border the superficial inguinal ring
medial and lateral crura
44
What reinforces the medial and lateral crura of the superficial inguinal ring
intercrural fibers along superolateral limit of ring
45
What exits from the Superficial inguinal ring
The inguinal canal transmitting spermatic cord in males and round ligament of uterus in females
46
Where is the inguinal canal
Superior and parallel to inguinal ligament about 2 inches long
47
What is the entrance and exit to the inguinal canal
Entrance: deep inguinal ring: above midpoint of inguinal ligament lateral to inferior epigastric vessels Exit: Superficial inguinal ring: triangular cleft in external oblique aponeruosis superior to pubic tubercle
48
What is the deep inguinal ring and where is it
finger like diverticulum of transeralis fascia forming entrance to inguinal canal above midpoint of inguinal ligament lateral to inferior epigastric vessels
49
What composes the floor of the inguinal canal
Inguinal and lacunar ligaments
50
What composes the roof of the inguinal canal
arching fibers of internal oblique and transversus abdominis
51
What composes the anterior wall of the inguinal canal
aponeruosis of external oblique
52
What composes the posterior wall of the inguinal canal
Transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon
53
What is the potential weak area of the abdominal wall and why
inguinal triangle, because most of the posterior wallis formed only from transversalis fascia
54
What are the borders of the inguinal triangle
Inguinal ligament Lateral border of rectus abdominis inferior epigastric vessels
55
What indicates the site of the future inguinal canal
gubernaculum ligament
56
What does the gubernaculum ligament do and connect
connects and guides developing testis from lumbar region to schrotum
57
What preceeds the testis as it descends
evagination of peritoneum calles the processus vaginalis
58
What does the processus vaginalis do
preceeds the testis in their descent and carries extensions of abdominal wall layers before it
59
What becomes the coverings of the spermatic cord
Extensions of the abdominal wall carried by processus vaginalis
60
What layer of the abdominal wall corresponds to the skin in the scrotum
Skin of abdominal wall
61
What layer of the abdominal wall corresponds to the perinial fascia
Superficial fascia of abdominal wall
62
What layer of the abdominal wall corresponds to the dartos muscle
Superficial fascia of abdominal wall
63
What layer of the abdominal wall does not correspond to a scrotum layer
Transversus abdominis
64
What layer of the abdominal wall corresponds to the external spermatic fascia
External oblique
65
What layer of the abdominal wall corresponds to the cremaster muscle and fascia
Internal oblique
66
What layer of the abdominal wall corresponds to the internal spermatic fascia
transversalis fascia
67
What layer of the abdominal wall corresponds to the areolar tissue in the cord
extraperitoneal fat
68
What layer of the abdominal wall corresponds to the tunica vaginalis
peritoneum
69
What does the cremaster muscle do and what type of action is it
draws testis to more superior position in scrotum reflex action
70
What nerve mediates the reflex action of the cremaster
genitofemoral (L1,L2) branch of lumbar plexus
71
Give the covering order of internal spermatic fascia, cremaster muscle/fascia, and external spermatic fascia, around the spermatic cord and when they arise
Innermost to outer Inernal spermatic fascia: invests throughout inguinal canal Cremaster/fascia: invests in middle of canal External spermatic fascia: covers as exits superficial ring
72
What are the 7 components of the spermatic cord (ignoring coverings
Ductus deferens Diferential artery and vein Testicualr artery pampiniform plexus of vains lymphatics Autonomic nerves (Tiny) genital branch of genitofemoral nerve GT PADDL
73
What nerve accompanies the cord in the inguinal canal
Illioinguinal nerve
74
Which nerves provide anterior scrotal or labial cutaneous nerves
Genitofemoral and ilioinguinal
75
What is the gubernacula in females
round ligaments of uterus
76
what in females is homologous to the scrotum
labia majora
77
Where do the round ligaments travel and end in females
travel same path through inguinal canals but terminate in labia majora
78
What can occur with rupture of the male urethra
accumulation of urine between layers in abdominal wall (due to continuity of superficial membranous facia with superficial fascia of perinium)
79
How would you test the integrity of the genitofemoral and ilioinguinal nerves
test cremaster reflex
80
In whom is the cremaster reflex more active
more active in young boys and deminishes with age
81
What is a hydrocele
acumulation of fluid in tunica vaginalis or a patent processus vaginalis
82
What is varicocele
condition when pampiniform plexus of veins becomes dilated and tortuous
83
What is ligated in a vasectomy
ductus deferens bilaterally Exposed via incision in superior wall of scrotum
84
what constitutes an inguinal hernia
protrusion of abdominal viscera thorugh either inguinal ring
85
What is an indirect inguinal hernia
follows route of testis before birth | traverses the deep ring (lateral to inferior epigastric), the inguinal canal and the superficial ring
86
What often causes an indirect inguinal hernia
patent processus vaginalis
87
In whom is indirect inguinal hernia more common
younger male patients
88
What is a direct inguinal hernia
abdominal viscera prodruding through the abdominal wall in the inguinal triangle (medial to inferior epigastric vesssels) and passes through superficial ring
89
in whom is a direct inguinal hernia most common
adult males
90
Are hernias more frequent in males or females and why
males, inguinal region in females has fewer and smaller structures which pass through the abdominal wall so its more firmly constructed

Anatomy Block 3 (16 decks)

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