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Anatomy Block 3 > Cardiovascular Embryo > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Embryo Flashcards

1
Q

What derives from neuroextoderm (neural crest) with respect to the heart

A

aorticopulmonary septum

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2
Q

What derives from Mesoderm (lateral) with respect to the heart

A

blood cells
cardiovascular system
Muscles and connective tissue of heart
serous membranes of percardial cavity

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3
Q

Where do blood vessels initially form

A

extraembryonic mesoderm of umbilical vesicle, connecting stalk, and chorion

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4
Q

Why does blood vessel and heart formation occur

A

simple diffusion of oxygen and nutrive materials cant supply rapid growth of embryo

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5
Q

Where do the primordial heart and great vessels begin to differentiate

A

cardiogenic area (horshoe shaped area cranially lateral to neural plate)

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6
Q

What is the first appearance of the heart and what do they cannalize to form

A

Angioblastic cords

cannalize to form endocardial heart tubes

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7
Q

What forms the primitive heart tube

A

Fusion of the endocardial heart tubes

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8
Q

What does the primitive heart tube develop into

A

endocardium

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9
Q

What are the dilations and constrictions of the heart tube from superior to inferior

A 
Truncus arteriosus
Bulbus cordis
ventricle
atrium
sinus venosus
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10
Q

What gives rise to the arteries suplying the pharyngeal arches

A

truncus arteriosus

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11
Q

What section of the elongating heart tube recieves the veins of the embryo umbilical vesicle and placenta

A

Sinus venosus

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12
Q

Which 2 sections of the elongating heart tube grow faster and why

A

Bulbus cordis and ventricle

truncus aretiousus and sinus venosus are fixed in the pharyngeal arches and septum transversum respectively

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13
Q

What develops into the Myocardium and Epicardium

A

splanchic mesoderm surrounding the primitve heart tube and pericardial cavity

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14
Q

Where do contractions begin when the heart first starts to beat

A

sunus venosus (initially uncoordinated)

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15
Q

what first forms the partiioning of the atrioventricular canal and what does it develop from

A

Endocardial cushions on the dorsal and ventral walls

develops from induction of cardiac jelly (secreted by developing myocardium)

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16
Q

When does the heart first begin to beat

A

begining of 4th week

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17
Q

What is the first tissue that seperates the atrium called and where does it originate

A

septum primum

superoposterior wall

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18
Q

What is the foramen of the septum primum that is a part of the valve action

A

Foramen secundum

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19
Q

Where is the first opening of the septum primum located and what is it called

A

caudal ventral before closing

foramen primum

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20
Q

what is the second layer of tissue dividing the atrium and where does it originate

A

Roof of atrium just right of foramen secundum

septum secundum

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21
Q

Which of the artial dividers is thicker

A

septum secundum

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22
Q

what is the opening of the septum secundum and where is it located

A

foramen ovale

near floor of right atrium

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23
Q

describe the conditions necessary and path of blood trough the valve of the foramen ovale

A

pressure in right greater than left atrium
enters through floor of right atrium through froramen ovale
exits through foramen secundum in ceiling of left atrium

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24
Q

What 3 veins does the sinus venosus recieve and where are they from

A

cardinal: embryo
vitelline: umbilical vesicle
umbilical: placenta

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25
Q

What are the lateral expansions of the siuns venosus and when do they develop

A

Left and right horns

during bulboventricular loop folding

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26
Q

Which horn of the sinus venosus becomes enlarged and why, and what happens to the other horn

A

Righ horn becomes enlarged

divertion of blood flow to the right side (oblique anastomosis from anterior cardinal veins to right horn and degeneration of umbilical and vitelline veins on left side)

Left becomes coronary sinsus

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27
Q

What eventually becomes the coronary sinus

A

Left horn of the sinus venosus

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28
Q

What forms the Sinus venarum of the right atrium

A

The joining of the right horn of the sinus venosus with the right atrium

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29
Q

What portions of the right atrium are derived from primitive right atrium

A

the trabeculated surface of the right atrium and the right aruicle (also trabeculated)

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30
Q

What forms the smooth wall of the left atrium

A

incorporation of the 4 branches of the primary pulmonary vein

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31
Q

Once the left atrium merges with the branches of the primordial pulmonary vein what happens to the primitive left atrium

A

It is displaced anteriorly and to the left

becomes left auricle

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32
Q

What begins the partitioning of the ventricles

A

growth of the muscular interventricular septum

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33
Q

What is the halt in interventricular septum growth called and where does it appear

A

interventricualr foramen

just before the fused endocardial cushions

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34
Q

What closes the interventricular foramen

A

proliferation of tissue from the right side of the endocardial cushions and merging of that memranous interventricular septum with the aorticopulmonary septum

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35
Q

What forms the atrioventricular valves

A

proliferation of tissue around the left and right atrioventicular canals and thining of the tissue on the ventriular sides (muscle replaced later with connective tissue forming valve cusps)

36
Q

what is the precursor of the papillary muscles and chordae tendinae

A

trabeculae carneae

37
Q

What causes the formation of trabeculae carneae

A

additional vavitation of ventricular walls

38
Q

what does the aorticopulmonary septum seperate

A

left and right ventricular outflow pathways (aorta and pulmonary trunk)

39
Q

What fuses to form the arorticopulmonary septum

A

bulbar and truncal ridges

40
Q

What produces the bulbar and truncal ridges

A

migration of neural crest cells into the bulbus cordis and truncus areriosus

41
Q

What does the bulbus cordis become in the right ventricle

A

Conus arteriosus (infundibulum)

42
Q

What does the bulbus cordis become in the left ventricle

A

aortic vestibule

43
Q

What does the truncus arteriosus become

A

Pulmonary trunk and proximal aorta

44
Q

What causes the twisted arrangement of the pulmonary trunk and proximal aorta

A

spiraling of the bulbar and truncal ridges

45
Q

What are the eventual derivatives of the sinus venosus

A

sinus venarum and the coronary sinus

46
Q

What are the eventual derivatives of the atrium of the heart tube

A

trabeculated parts of right and left atria

47
Q

What are the eventual derivatives of the vintricle of the heart tube

A

trabeculate parts of the right and left ventricles

48
Q

What are the eventual derivatives of the bulbus cordis

A

Conus arteriosus and aortic vestibule

49
Q

What are the eventual derivatives of the truncus arteriosus

A

Proximal aorta and pulmonary trunk

50
Q

Where do the pharyngeal arch arteries arise from

A

aortic sac

51
Q

What is the aortic sac

A

expanded cranial portion of the truncus arteriosus

52
Q

How many Pharyngeal arch arteries are there and which give rise to important arteries and which give rise to smaller ones or dissapear

A

6
3, 4, 6 are important
1 2 5 are smaller or dissapear

53
Q

What is the derivative of the 1st pharyngeal arch artery

A

part of maxillary artery

54
Q

What is the derivative of the 2nd pharyngeal arch artery

A

stapedial artery (stem)

55
Q

What is the derivative of the 3rd pharyngeal arch artery

A

Common carotid and proximal part of internal carotid

56
Q

What is the derivative of the 4th pharyngeal arch artery

A

Left: Part of arch of aorta (between left common carotid and subclavian)

Right: Proximal part of right subclavian

57
Q

What is the derivative of the 5th pharyngeal arch artery

A

NOTHING

58
Q

What is the derivative of the 6th pharyngeal arch artery

A

Left: Proximal portion of left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus

Right: Proximal portion of right pulmonary artery

59
Q

What is responsible for the asymmetry of the left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves of vagus

A

assymetrical development of left and right sixth paryngeal arch arteries

60
Q

What is the ductus arteriosus and what does it eventually become

A

shunt betweeen aorta and pulmonary trunk

eventually becomes ligamentum arteriosum

61
Q

why does the right reccurent laryngeal nerve loop around the 4 pharyngeal arch artery

A

because the disatl part of the 6th arch artery degenerates and the 5th fails to form

4th becomes right subclavian

62
Q

what does the left recurrent laryngeal artery loop around

A

ligamentum artteriosum

63
Q

where is the dorsal aorta located

A

inferior to the pharyngeal arches

64
Q

What are the three types of branches off of the dorsal aorta

A

Ventral (vitelline and umbilical)
Lateral (kidneys, suprarenal glands, gonads)
Dorsal intersegmental (body wall, head and neck, limbs, vertebral colum)

65
Q

What are the derivatives of the ventral vitelline branches of the dorsal aorta

A

esophageal
celiac
superior mesenteric
inferior mesenteric

66
Q

What are the derivatives of the ventral umbilical proximal branches of the dorsal aorta

A

Superior vesical
umbilical (adult)
Internal iliac (proximal)

67
Q

What are the derivatives of the ventral umbilical distal branches of the dorsal aorta

A

Medial umbilical ligaments

68
Q

What are the derivatives of the lateral branches of the dorsal aorta

A

Renal
Middle suprarenal
gonadal arteries

69
Q

What are the derivatives of the Dorsal (intersegmental) branches of the dorsal aorta

A

All other branches of aorta

70
Q

What is the adult remnant of the left umbilical vein

A

Ligamentum teres hepatis

71
Q

What is the adult remnant of the ductus venosus

A

Ligamentum venosum

72
Q

What is the adult remnant of foramen ovale

A

Fossa ovalis

73
Q

What is the adult remnant of Ductus arteriosus

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

74
Q

What is the adult remnant of the distal umbilical arteries

A

Medial umbilical ligaments

75
Q

Where does the oxygen rich blood from the placenta go

A

To the Umbilical veins bypassing the liver capillary bed through the ductus venosus to enter the inferior vena cava

76
Q

Once oxygenated blood from the placenta has entered the inferior vena cava where does it go

A

gets divered through the foramen ovale into the left atrium

some goes into right ventricle and mixes with deox blood from superior vena cava

77
Q

What type of blood is in the right ventricle in the womb and what happens to it

A

mixed blood

goes up through pulmonary trunk and most enters the ductus arteriosus to enter the descending aorta

78
Q

Which section of the body recieves the most oxygenated blood in the womb

A

head heart upper limbs and neck (blood straight from left atrium)

Trunk and lower body get mixed from ductus arteriosus

79
Q

What maintains the patency of ductus arteriosus

A

prostaglandins and low o2 content in blood

80
Q

how does blood in the descending aorta return to the placenta

A

through umbilical arteries

81
Q

What mediates the closing of ductus arteriosus immediately after birth

A

high blood oxygen content

Bradykinin

82
Q

What releases the bradykinin that mediates the closing of ductus arteriosus

A

lungs after intial infalation

83
Q

Oxygenated or deoxygenated what type of blood do the umbilical arteries and veins carry

A

veins; oxygenated

arteries: deoxygenated

84
Q

What happens to the umbilical veins and arteries at birth

A

Umbilical arteries constrict

umbilical veins remain patent for some time

85
Q

Why is constriction of the umbilical vein and ductous venosus not essential after birth

A

because blood is nolonger flowing through the umbilical vein

Anatomy Block 3 (16 decks)

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