Vasculature of the Abdomen

Question 1

What is the Abdominal aorta a continuation of

Answer 1

Thoracic descending aorta

Question 2

Where does the Abdominal aorta begin

Answer 2

aortic haitus of diaphragm T12 Vertebra

Question 3

Is the Abdominal aorta intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

Answer 3

retroperitoneal

Question 4

What does the abdominal aorta divide into at its end and where

Answer 4

Common iliac arteries at L4

Question 5

What are the 3 large anterior unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta, and what do they supply

Answer 5

Celiac Trunk
Superior Mesenteric artery
Inferior Mesenteric artery

Supplies Gastrointestinal tract

Question 6

What are 6 branches of the abdominal aorta to the abdominal wall and paired abdominal glands? Which are unpaired?

Answer 6

Inferior phrenic
Lumbar
Middle Suprarenal
Renal (give off inferior suprarenal)
Gonadal
Median Sacral

Median Sacral unpaired

Question 7

Where do the inferior phrenic arteries arise and what do they provide?

Answer 7

pair arises immediately above origin of celiac trunk

provides diaphragm
also superior suprarenal arteries

Question 8

Where do the Lumbar arteries arise and what do they provide? And how many are there?

Answer 8

4 pairs of arteries

Arise at levels of L1-L4

Posterior branches supply:
Spinal cord
Cauda equina
Spinal Meninges

Question 9

Where do the Middle Suprarenal arteries arise?

Answer 9

Pair arises at L1

Question 10

Where do the Renal arteries arise and what do they provide?

Answer 10

Arise at L1

Supply the kidneys
also provide inferior suprarenal arteries

Question 11

Where do the gonadal arteries arise?

Answer 11

Just below renal arteries at L2

Question 12

Where do the Median Sacral arteries arise?

Answer 12

Unpaired and small

is caudal continuation of aorta

Question 13

What was the artery of the embryoic foregut

Answer 13

Celiac trunk

Question 14

How long is the celiac trunk

Answer 14

1-2 cm

Question 15

What 7 things does the celiac trunk provide for

Answer 15

Stomach
adjacent esophagus
proximal duodenum
liver
gall bladder
pancreas
spleen

Question 16

Where does the celiac trunk arise

Answer 16

Just below aortic hiatus at T12

Question 17

What are generally the 3 branches of the celiac trunk

Answer 17

Left Gastric
Common Hepatic
Splenic

Question 18

What arteries may frequently be given off the celiac trunk (excluding 3 general)

Answer 18

dorsal pancreatic artery

inferior phrenic arteries

Question 19

What is the smallest branch of the celiac trunk and which direction off of the celiac trunk does it run?

Answer 19

Left gastric

To the left off celiac trunk

Question 20

What does the left gastric supply

Answer 20

Lesser curvature of stomach and the esophagus

Question 21

What is the path of the left gastric and what does it anstamose with

Answer 21

goes left and courses between layers of lesser omentum to eventually anastamose with right gastric

Question 22

What artery off the Celiac trunk runs to the right posterior to the duodenum?

Answer 22

Common hepatic

Question 23

Once it passes behind the duodenum what does the common hepatic split into

Answer 23

ascending: proper hepatic artery
Descending: gastroduodenal artery

Question 24

what does the proper hepatic enter and what does it give off there

Answer 24

Enters Hepatoduodenal ligament of lesser omentum

gives off right gastric

Question 25

What does the proper hepatic terminate as

Answer 25

left and right hepatic arteries

Question 26

Where does the gastroduodenal artery pass between and what does it give off while there

Answer 26

superior (1st) part of duodeum and pancreas Gives off the duodenal branches

Question 27

What does the gastroduodenal artery temrinate as

Answer 27

superior pancreaticoduodenal | Right gastro-omental (gastroepiploic)

Question 28

What is the largest celiac branch

Answer 28

Splenic

Question 29

What is the path of the splenic artery and what does it supply along that path?

Answer 29

``` Follows superior border of the pancreas then enters splenorenal ligament Supplies: Pancreas Spleen Greater curvature of the stomach ```

Question 30

What does 3 things does the splenic artery give off after it enters the splenorenal ligament

Answer 30

Short gastric branches splenic branches Left gastro-omental (gastroepiploic)

Question 31

What does the Left gastro-omental artery anastamose with and where

Answer 31

Right gastro-omental In Greater omentum

Question 32

What does the superior Mesenteric artery supply

Answer 32

Derivatives of the midgut | mainly most of the small intestine (exept proximal duodenum) and large intestine up to left colic flexure

Question 33

Where Does the superior mesenteric artery arise

Answer 33

Posterior to the body of the pancreas at L1

Question 34

What is the path of the Superior Mesenteric once it arises

Answer 34

Descends over: left renal vein uncinate process of pancreas horizontal (3rd) part of duodenum) Then Enters: the root of the mesentery of the the small intestine Then: Follows oblique course towards the right ilac fossa

Question 35

What 3 things does the Superior Mesenteric descend over

Answer 35

left renal vein uncinate process of pancreas horizontal (3rd) part of duodenum)

Question 36

What are the 5 branches of the superior mesenteric

Answer 36

``` Inferior pacreaticoduodenal Intestinal Right Colic (often branch of ileocolic or middle or absent) Ileocolic Middle Colic ```

Question 37

Which direction does the Inferior pacreaticoduodenal pass and what does it divide into

Answer 37

Passes to the right | Divides into anterior and posterior branches

Question 38

What do the anterior and posterior branches of the Inferior pacreaticoduodenal help to form and with what?

Answer 38

pacreaticoduodenal arcades With branches of the Superior pacreaticoduodenal artery from celiac trunk

Question 39

What are the intestinal arteries divided into and how many are there

Answer 39

Jejunal and ileal arteries 15-18

Question 40

Where do the ileal and jejunal intestinal arteries pass

Answer 40

to the left, between layers of mesentery

Question 41

What do the ileal and jejunal intestinal arteries do in the mesentery

Answer 41

Form a series of arterial arcades

Question 42

How many layers of arches are formed at the upper jejunal and ileal region

Answer 42

one or two at upper jejunal | 3 to 5 at ileal

Question 43

What arte the small straight vessls that arise from the last arch in a series and what do they supply

Answer 43

Vasa recta supply intestine

Question 44

What is the lowermost branch of the Superior mesenteric and what does it supply

Answer 44

Ileocolic Ileum cecum appendix

Question 45

What artery supplies the asceding colon

Answer 45

Right colic

Question 46

What is the right colic a branch of

Answer 46

often ileocolic or middle colic but may be absent altogether

Question 47

What artery supplies the transverse colon and were does it enter

Answer 47

Middle colic transverse mesocolon

Question 48

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply

Answer 48

Descending and sigmoid colons proximal rectum (derivatives of hindgut)

Question 49

Where does the inferior mesenteric arise and pass (relative to aorta)

Answer 49

Just below the 3rd part of the duodenum at level of L3 passes downward and to left of the aorta

Question 50

What are the 3 branches of the inferior mesenteric

Answer 50

Left colic Sigmoid Superior Rectal

Question 51

What artery supplies the descending colon

Answer 51

Left Colic

Question 52

How many sigmoid arteries are there and what do they suply

Answer 52

2 to 4 supply sigmoid colon

Question 53

What supplies the proximal rectum

Answer 53

superior rectal

Question 54

Where does the superior rectal artery arise

Answer 54

it is a continuation of inferior mesenteric as it crosses the left common iliac vessels

Question 55

What do branches of the sueprior rectal anastomose with

Answer 55

Terminal branches of middle and inferior recal arteries of internal iliac system

Question 56

What is the name for the series of anastomoses between adjacent branches of inferior mesenteric, adjacent branches of superior mesenteric, and adjacent branches of the two systems?

Answer 56

Marginal artery

Question 57

What are the anastomoses within the continuous arch known as the marginal artery

Answer 57

anastomoses between adjacent branches of inferior mesenteric anastomoses between adjacent branches of superior mesenteric anastomoses between adjacent branches of the two systems

Question 58

What is the largest vein in the body

Answer 58

Inferior Vena Cava

Question 59

What union forms the inferior vena cava and at what vertebral level

Answer 59

Union of common iliac veins At level of L5

Question 60

Is the inferior vena cava intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

Answer 60

retroperitoneal

Question 61

What is the position of the Inferior vena cava relative to the aorta

Answer 61

ascends the abdominal cavity to the right of the aorta

Question 62

Where does the inferior vena cava pierce the diaphragm

Answer 62

Vena caval foramen at t8

Question 63

What do tributaries of the inferior vena cava generally correspond to and what is the exception to that

Answer 63

Arterial branches of the aorta The veins that empty into hepatic portal vein

Question 64

What are the 7 Tribuaries associated with the Inferior vena cava

Answer 64

``` Lumbar Common Iliac Hepatic Renal Right Gonadal Right Suprarenal Right Inferior phrenic ```

Question 65

What forms the common iliac vein

Answer 65

Union of external and internal iliac veins

Question 66

How many pairs of lumbar veins are there and how many does the Inferior vena cava recieve

Answer 66

4 pairs variable number

Question 67

Where do the renal veins lie in relation to the renal arteries

Answer 67

anterior

Question 68

What is the size comparison of the left and right renal veins and why is it so

Answer 68

Left longer than right due to embryology of inferior vena cava

Question 69

Where does the left renal vein pass between and what does it recieve

Answer 69

passes between superior mesenteric artery and aorta recieves left gonadal left suprarenal

Question 70

Which gondal vein is shorter and where do each drain

Answer 70

Right is shorter Left drains to left renal Right drains to inferior vena cava

Question 71

Which suprarenal vein is shorter and where do each drain

Answer 71

Right is shorter Left drains to left renal Right drains to inferior vena cava

Question 72

Where do the left and right inferior phrenic nerves drain into

Answer 72

left inferior phrenic: left suprarenal (which drains into left renal) Right drains into inferior vena cava

Question 73

Where do the hepatic veins drain

Answer 73

inferior vena cava just as it passes through diaphragm

Question 74

Where does the hepatic portal vein receive blood ffrom

Answer 74

All venous blood from GI tract (minus lower portion of anal canal), pancreas and spleen

Question 75

Where is the hepatic portal vein formed and by what

Answer 75

formed behind pancreas by union of splenic vein (inferior to artery) and Superior mesenteric vein (right of artery) Inferior Mesenteric empties into one of those veins

Question 76

After it has been formed what veins does the portal vein recieve and what doe it enter once it recieves them

Answer 76

Gastric veins Enters hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 77

What is anterior to the portal vein in the hepatoduodenal ligament

Answer 77

proper hepatic artery and common bile duct

Question 78

where does the portal vein divide into left and right portal viens

Answer 78

Porta hepatis

Question 79

What is unique about the portal vein and its tributaries

Answer 79

No functionally competent valves

Question 80

What other venous system does the portal system communicate with

Answer 80

Caval (systemic) venous system

Question 81

What woud happen if there was an obstruction of portal circulation

Answer 81

Anastomoses with caval venous system would still allow blood from gi to reach the heart

Question 82

What does abstructed bloodflow to the portal vein cause

Answer 82

portal hypertension

Question 83

What does portal hypertesnion cause

Answer 83

veins in portal vaval anastomotic areas to dilate and become varicose

Question 84

What are the3 Major portal-caval anastomoses

Answer 84

Esophageal Rectal Paraumbilical

Question 85

What makes up the esophageal portal-caval anastomoses

Answer 85

esophageal tributaries of left gastric vein with esophageal veins of aszygos

Question 86

What makes up the Rectal portal-caval anastomoses

Answer 86

Superior rectal veins with middle and inferior rectal veins

Question 87

What makes up the Paraumbilical portal-caval anastomoses

Answer 87

Paraumbilical veins in falciform ligament w/ superficial veins in the anterolateral abdominal wall

Question 88

What makes up the Splenic portal-caval anastomoses

Answer 88

tributaries of splenic and colic veins with left renal vein