Abnormal Growth, differentiation and Morphogenesis Flashcards
what is cellular adaption
often reversible change sat the cellular level due to changes in the environment or demand
what sort of adaptive changes can occur (cell)
size, number, phenotype, metabolic activity or function
why do we have adaption
better equips to survive in new environment
what types of cells are readily adaptable
labile (constantly replicating)
why do we have increased cellular activity
due to increased demand
what does hypertrophy mean
increased size of cells
what does hyperplasia mean
increase in the number of cells
how does hypertrophy at the cellular level work
increased synthesis of structural components and increased metabolism
where are we most likely to seen cell hypertrophy
skeletal muscle or permeant cell populations
why do we have hyperplasia and which cells does this commonly occur in
increase in the number of cells via cell division usually in labile and stable cell populations
what is a male disease associated with hyperplasia
gynaecomastia - enlargement of breast tissue
give an example of hyperplasia and hypertrophy at the subcellualr level
ER hypertrophy in hepatocytes leads to increase P450 enzymes which increased metabolism of drugs
what is atrophy
reduction in cell size and number (decreased cellular activity)
what are some causes of atrophy
physiological or pathological decreased workload (disuse atrophy) loss of innervation diminished blood supply inadequate nutrition (cachexia - serve systemic atrophy) loss of endocrine stimulation pressure
what is metaplasia
change from one differentiated cell type to another - can be reversible
